{"id":48,"date":"2012-06-02T13:03:09","date_gmt":"2012-06-02T11:03:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chpantalya.com\/?page_id=48"},"modified":"2016-01-24T22:57:25","modified_gmt":"2016-01-24T20:57:25","slug":"chp-tarihce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/?page_id=48","title":{"rendered":"CHP TAR\u0130H\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"chp-eski-logo-yatay2\"<\/a>Giri\u015f ve K\u0131sa \u00d6zet<\/h3>\n

CHP, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923\u2019te \u00f6nce \u201cHalk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u201cCumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet\u00e7ilik\u201d, \u201cHalk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, \u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cLaiklik\u201d CHP\u2019nin d\u00f6rt temel ilkesi olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cDevlet\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cDevrimcilik\u201d ilkeleri de eklenerek Partinin ilkeleri alt\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Partinin amblemi olan 6 ok bu ilkeleri simgelemektedir.<\/p>\n

CHP, kurucusu ve ilk Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6nderli\u011finde ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanan, Cumhuriyeti kuran, saltanat\u0131 kald\u0131ran, hilafete son veren ve Ulusal Birli\u011fi sa\u011flayan Partidir. Hukuk ve e\u011fitim gibi toplumsal alanlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi reformlarla \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni bi\u00e7imlendirmi\u015ftir. Ulusal sanayinin ve ekonominin geli\u015fmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda tek parti konumunun t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7ok partili rejime ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flayarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde de \u00f6nc\u00fc misyonunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00fcstlendi\u011fi muhalefet g\u00f6reviyle demokratik bir rejimde muhalefetin kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131na da \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda parlamenter demokratik rejimin kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ve temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri geli\u015ftirme m\u00fccadelesi vermi\u015ftir. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin yans\u0131malar\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6\u00e7, kentle\u015fme, sanayile\u015fme gibi dinamikler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n olgunla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte CHP sola a\u00e7\u0131larak kendisini siyaset yelpazesinde \u201cortan\u0131n solu\u201dnda konumland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ideolojisini \u201cdemokratik sol\u201d kavram\u0131yla tan\u0131mlayan CHP, \u00f6nerdi\u011fi sosyal reformlarla \u201cd\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi\u201dni hedeflemi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te CHP, \u201cdevlet partisinden\u201d \u201chalk\u0131n partisine\u201d, d\u00fczen partisinden\u201d \u201cde\u011fi\u015fimin partisine\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni kurma ve \u00fclkemizin en k\u00f6kl\u00fc partisi olma gibi sahip oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 tarihsel miraslar\u0131yla, gelene\u011fini ve temellerini en iyi \u015fekilde temsil eden ilkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sosyal demokrasinin evrensel ilkelerini de benimseyen CHP bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Sosyalist Enternasyonal ve Avrupa Sosyalistler Partisine de kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f sosyal demokrasinin evrensel de\u011ferleri olan \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik, dayan\u0131\u015fma, eme\u011fin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, geli\u015fmenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve etkinli\u011fi ile demokratikle\u015fme\u201d kavramlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6nemde CHP\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Programlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemle vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca ilkeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

I.\u00a0Kurtulu\u015f\u2019tan Cumhuriyet\u2019e, Cumhuriyetten Demokrasiye\u2026<\/h3>\n

Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu \u2026<\/h3>\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk CHP\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilk a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 6 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u201cHalk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere B\u00fcy\u00fck Atat\u00fcrk, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 hen\u00fcz bitmeden, \u00dclkenin geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f tehlikesini ortadan kald\u0131rmak, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve ileri bir toplum yaratmak amac\u0131yla devrimler yapmay\u0131 planl\u0131yordu. Bu ama\u00e7lara ula\u015fmak ise ancak g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc halktan alan ve belirli bir program dahilinde bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye odaklanm\u0131\u015f bir siyasal parti ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk parti kurma niyetini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade etmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Milletin her s\u0131n\u0131f halk\u0131ndan, hatta \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en uzak k\u00f6\u015felerinden bana ebedi olarak iftihar duyaca\u011f\u0131m \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilen tevecc\u00fch ve itimada lay\u0131k olabilmek i\u00e7in en m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir millet ferdi s\u0131fatiyle hayat\u0131m\u0131m sonuna kadar vatan\u0131n hayr\u0131na vakfeylemek emeliyle bar\u0131\u015ftan sonra Halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k esas\u0131 \u00fczerine dayanan ve Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 ad\u0131yla siyasi bir f\u0131rka kurmak niyetindeyim\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bu konu\u015fmay\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 yeni sona ermi\u015f, Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yeni imzalam\u0131\u015f, Saltanat yeni kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yeni ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda TBMM\u2019de grupla\u015fmalar \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f ve siyasal ya\u015famda siyasal partilere gereksinim duyulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6 Aral\u0131k 1922 tarihinde bas\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada yeni bir d\u00f6neme girildi\u011fini belirten Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu gibi, izleyen d\u00f6nemdeki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde de milletin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n da katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk bu konu\u015fman\u0131n hemen sonras\u0131nda bir yurt gezisine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131n temel felsefelerinden birini olu\u015fturacak \u015fu ifadeye yer vermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201cBence, bizim milletimiz birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 menfaatleri takip edecek ve bundan dolay\u0131 da m\u00fccadele halinde buluna gelen \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131n\u0131flara malik de\u011fildir. Memleketteki s\u0131n\u0131flar birbirlerine laz\u0131m olan ve birbirlerini tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcnleyici mahiyettedir. Onun i\u00e7in de Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fckselme sebeplerini ve saadetini sa\u011flamak yolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunacakt\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f temeli \u00fczerine kurulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kapsayan bir parti olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bu konu\u015fma, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve 10\u2019ncu Y\u0131l Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019nda da ifadesini bulan \u201cimtiyazs\u0131z, kendine g\u00fcvenen toplum, kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f kitle\u201d aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na, parti yoluyla cevap olu\u015fturma ve ulus devlete y\u00f6neli\u015fin bir habercisi gibidir.<\/p>\n

8 Nisan 1923 tarihinde ise, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla, bir bildiri yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dokuz maddeden olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in 9 umde (ilke) olarak an\u0131lan bu metin, bir \u201cse\u00e7im bildirgesi\u201ddir. Bu se\u00e7im bildirgesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda, kurulacak parti i\u00e7in de bir program haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve partinin kurulu\u015funu destekleyen milletvekilleri, t\u00fcz\u00fck haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanan t\u00fcz\u00fckte, \u201cHalk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, \u201cCumhuriyet\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d temel ilkeler olarak benimsenmi\u015f; \u201cUlusal Egemenlik\u201d, \u201cDevrim\u201d ve \u201cHukukun \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d kavramlar\u0131na da yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmelerden sonra \u201cAnadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u201d, \u201cHalk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201dna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923\u2019te \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u015fvurarak, \u201cHalk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kurulu\u015funu bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

CHP\u2019nin partile\u015fme s\u00fcrecindeki geli\u015fim \u00e7izgisinin de ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen ve y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u201cAnadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u201dnin devam\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u201cHalk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d olan partinin ad\u0131, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u201cCumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019nden (A-RMCH) Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131na (CHF)\u2026<\/h3>\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Milli M\u00fccadeleyi y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, t\u00fcm toplumsal kesimleri\/ s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 temsil etmek ve ulusal birli\u011fi sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan Cemiyet, Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019dir. Cemiyetin kurulu\u015fu, 4\u201311 Eyl\u00fcl 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda toplanan Sivas Kongresi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 da Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019nin tarihsel miras\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131karak, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yla yurdun kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Cemiyetin ve O\u2019nun TBMM\u2019deki devam\u0131 olan Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Grubu\u2019nun devam\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Nitekim Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 kuruldu\u011funda il ve il\u00e7elerdeki Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti \u015fubeleri tabelalar\u0131n\u0131 indirerek Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 tabelas\u0131n\u0131 ast\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece \u00fclkenin hemen her yerinde, il ve il\u00e7e \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ocak (mahalle ve k\u00f6y) ve bucaklarda da CHP \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Tek parti d\u00f6nemi boyunca CHP\u2019nin temel felsefesi yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen iki temele dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla;<\/p>\n

\u00dclkeyi kurtaran M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk temelinden gelme (ba\u015fta Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa olmak \u00fczere CHP y\u00f6neticilerinin Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019yi kazanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi sars\u0131lmaz karizma).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm toplumsal kesimlerin temsili (Ulusal bir parti olarak CHP\u2019nin, s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131n\u0131n pek de geli\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, geleneksel ve k\u0131rsal yap\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu bir toplumsal yap\u0131da \u201cS\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z imtiyazs\u0131z kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir kitle\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini temel almas\u0131).<\/p>\n

Bu iki temel \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f olan CHP, bir \u201chalk\u201d partisi olarak, \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm toplumsal kesimleri temsil etmekteydi. Nitekim 1927 N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m\u0131 da \u00fclkede ciddi bir s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne dayal\u0131 k\u0131rsal ve geleneksel toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1927 N\u00fcfus Say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda tespit edilen meslek gruplar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sanayi, ticaret, hizmet ve serbest meslekler gibi modern toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 temsil eden kesimlerin oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 7 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan, \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve mesleksizler gibi geleneksel toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 temsil edenlerin oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerindedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda devral\u0131nan toplumsal miras, son derece gelenekseldir ve k\u0131rsal karakteri bask\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde CHP, t\u00fcm toplumsal kesimleri temsil eden \u201culusal\u201d bir parti niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, CHP kendi y\u00f6netimini her zaman \u201cdemokratik\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim Parti Program\u0131\u2019nda yer alan Halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k maddesi halk iradesini ve demokrasiyi anlatmaktad\u0131r. CHP Program\u0131\u2019ndaki Halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Demokratl\u0131k,<\/li>\n
  2. Herhangi bir fert veya z\u00fcmreye milletin umumi haklar\u0131 haricinde imtiyaz tan\u0131mamak,<\/li>\n
  3. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini kabul etmemek.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    TBMM\u2019de Birinci ve \u0130kinci Guruplar\u2026<\/h3>\n

    Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 idare eden Meclis\u2019in siyasal ve ideolojik yelpazesi son derece geni\u015ftir. \u0130lk Meclis\u2019te birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ideolojik grupla\u015fmalar yer almaktayd\u0131. En b\u00fcy\u00fck grupla\u015fma ise, Birinci Grup ve \u0130kinci Grup aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkenin kurtulu\u015fu konusunda benzer fikirlere sahip olan her iki grup, \u00fclkenin kurtulu\u015fundan sonra rejimin niteli\u011finin ne olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip olmu\u015ftur. Birinci Grup\u2019un lideri Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa iken; \u0130kinci Grup\u2019un ise tek bir lideri bulunmamaktayd\u0131. H\u00fcseyin Avni (Ula\u015f), Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc ve Selahattin Beyler bu gurubun \u00f6nde gelen isimleriydi. \u0130deolojik olarak her iki grubun ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir: Birinci Grup, \u201c\u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131n kanunu mevcut kanunlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndedir\u201d derken; \u0130kinci Grup, \u201c\u0130htilalin de hukuku vard\u0131r. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de hukuku vard\u0131r\u201d demektedir. Bu iki s\u00f6z, her iki grup aras\u0131ndaki felsefi ve siyasal farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n net bir \u015fekilde ifadesidir.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde sonradan CHP\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan Birinci Grubun Devrimci ve Reformcu bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu, \u0130kinci Grubun ise; geleneksel, muhafazakar ve pop\u00fclist bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ertesinde, 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imleri kaybeden \u0130kinci Grup \u00fcyeleri \u0130kinci TBMM\u2019ye girememi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde Rauf (Orbay) Bey, muhalif pa\u015falarla birlikte Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. Pe\u015fi s\u0131ra H\u00fcseyin Avni Bey, Kara Vas\u0131f Bey ve Selahattin (K\u00f6seo\u011flu) Bey de Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019na girerek. Partinin \u0130stanbul \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, Birinci Grup\u2019tan kopan muhalif kanat ile \u0130kinci Grup birle\u015fmi\u015fler, ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar da yeni kurulan Partiye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisinin Devrimcilik Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2026<\/h3>\n

    Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, devrimci ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceden, daha Erzurum Kongresi devam ederken ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ortada ne Meclis ne de Ordu varken, Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nin hemen ertesinde (7\u20138 A\u011fustos 1919) Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra yap\u0131lacaklar\u0131 Mahzar M\u00fcfit Bey\u2019in (Kansu) g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015f\u00f6yle yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Zaferden sonra \u015fekli h\u00fck\u00fcmet Cumhuriyet olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Padi\u015fah ve hanedan hakk\u0131nda zaman\u0131 gelince icap eden muamele yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Tesett\u00fcr kalkacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Fes kalkacak, medeni milletler gibi \u015fapka giyilecektir.<\/li>\n
    • Bu arada M. M\u00fcfit Bey, \u201cDar\u0131lma Pa\u015fam ama hayalperest taraflar\u0131n\u0131z var\u201d der. M. Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131 nettir: \u201cBunu zaman tayin eder. Sen yaz\u201d.<\/li>\n
    • Latin harfi kabul edilecek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      M. M\u00fcfit Bey, bu s\u00f6ylenenlere inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirerek \u201cPa\u015fam kafi kafi!\u201d der. M. M\u00fcfit Bey\u2019in hayal olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir. Geleneksel toplumun, bir Orta\u00e7a\u011f toplumunun kurumlar\u0131 olan Saltanat, Hilafet, Medreseler, \u015eeriat Hukuku devrimci y\u00f6ntemlerle 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Yerlerine modern toplumun kurumlar\u0131 kuruldu\u011fu gibi Cumhuriyet rejiminin halk taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmesi i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba harcanacakt\u0131r.
      \nBu devrimci s\u00f6ylem ve y\u00f6ntem ile CHP\u2019nin modernle\u015fme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sonraki y\u0131llarda (1930\u2019larda) \u00dcniversite Reformu\u2019nun mimar\u0131 ve Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Re\u015fit Galip \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yacakt\u0131r:
      \n\u201cBiz tedrici tekam\u00fcl kaidesini yolumuzun \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7i\u011fneyerek, irfan yolunda tekam\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ink\u0131laplar(la), s\u00fcrat ve \u015fiddetle yapmak, i\u00e7timai kanunlara yeni bir kanun ilave etmek mecburiyetindeyiz\u201d.<\/p>\n

      <\/h3>\n

      Cumhuriyetle Birlikte Gelen Devrimler\u2026<\/h3>\n

      Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde Frans\u0131z Devrimi ve Sanayi Devrimi olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00fcy\u00fck devriminin rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti her iki devrime de seyirci kalarak Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geri kalma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015ftir. Bu iki devrim ile Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 geleneksel toplum yap\u0131s\u0131ndan (tar\u0131m ekonomisi, dinsel-monar\u015fik devlet yap\u0131s\u0131, dinsel cemaatlere dayal\u0131 toplum yap\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131rsal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 n\u00fcfus) \u00e7\u0131karak, modern toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na (ulus-devlet, sanayile\u015fme\/ kapitalistle\u015fme, ayd\u0131nlanma, bireyselle\u015fme, kentle\u015fme\u2026) ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6zetle, kapitalistle\u015fme ve milliyet\u00e7ilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonunu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin uygulamaya koydu\u011fu k\u0131smi modernle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131 kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in yeterli olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle Kemalist Cumhuriyet, k\u00f6ktenci\/ radikal bir modernle\u015fme politikas\u0131yla, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle \u201cdevrimci\u201d bir politikayla Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 kapatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin se\u00e7im afi\u015flerinde bile g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Nitekim CHP, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llardaki afi\u015flerden birinde \u201cAsr\u0131, y\u0131la s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rd\u0131k\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n

      1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan devrimlerle, geleneksel toplumun kurumlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerlerine modern toplumunun kurumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan devrimlerin ve reformlar\u0131n ise devrimlerle olu\u015fturulan yeni kurumlar\u0131n toplum taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131lan devrimlerle yeni bir ulus in\u015fas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Devrimlerin y\u0131llara g\u00f6re seyri ise \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • 1922: Saltanat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n
      • 1923: Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131, \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fkent Yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n
      • 1924: Halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00d6\u011fretim Birli\u011fi, Medreselerin Kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kurulmas\u0131, \u015eer\u2019iye ve Evkaf Vekaleti\u2019nin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n
      • 1925: Tekke ve Zaviyelerin Kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, A\u015far Vergisinin Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015eapka Kanunu, Ankara Hukuk Mektebi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131, Miladi Takvim\u2019in Kabul\u00fc<\/li>\n
      • 1926: Medeni Kanun, Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, Ceza Kanunu<\/li>\n
      • 1927: Hukuk Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc Kanunu<\/li>\n
      • 1928: Yeni Harflerin Kabul\u00fc, Millet Mekteplerinin A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u201cDevletin Dini \u0130slam\u2019d\u0131r\u201d Maddesinin Anayasa\u2019dan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 Rakamlar\u0131n Kabul\u00fc<\/li>\n
      • 1929: Ceza Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc Kanunu<\/li>\n
      • 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ise yap\u0131lan devrimlerin yerle\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/li>\n
      • E\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikalar\u0131: Halkevleri, Halkodalar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, K\u00f6y E\u011fitmen Te\u015fkilat\u0131, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131.<\/li>\n
      • Ekonomik kalk\u0131nma: Devlet ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r eliyle \u00fclkenin bir an \u00f6nce kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bu ama\u00e7la \u00e7ok say\u0131da sanayi, finans ve benzeri kalk\u0131nma kurulu\u015funun kurulmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/h3>\n

        Alt\u0131 \u0130lke\u2026<\/h3>\n

        Devrimlerin geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecine paralel olarak, CHP\u2019nin 6 ilkesi de a\u015famal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde parti program\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan CHF Kurultay\u0131\u2019nda kabul edilen Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik, Milliyet\u00e7ilik, Halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve Laiklik ilkelerine, 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan CHF Kurultay\u0131\u2019nda Devlet\u00e7ilik ve \u0130nk\u0131lap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ilkeleri eklenmi\u015ftir. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki CHP Kurultay\u0131\u2019nda ise, bu ilkeler Kemalizm olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 \u015eubat 1937 tarihinde ise 6 ilke Anayasa\u2019ya girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u201cOnbe\u015finci Y\u0131l Kitab\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 bir resmi yay\u0131n\u0131nda \u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

        \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti dahilinde T\u00fcrk dili ile konu\u015fan, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile yeti\u015fen, T\u00fcrk \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc benimseyen her vatanda\u015f hangi din ve men\u015feden olursa olsun T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. (\u2026) Yeni T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrk milleti b\u00fcy\u00fck insanl\u0131k ailesinin y\u00fcksek ve \u015ferefli bir uzvudur. Bu itibarla b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sever ve milli menfaatine ili\u015filmedik\u00e7e ba\u015fka milletlere kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k beslemez ve telkin etmez\u201d.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin \u201cDevlet\u00e7ilik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise iki temele dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Bizzat devletin kuruculu\u011fu ve yap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re b\u0131rak\u0131lan i\u015flerin d\u00fczenlenmesi ve kontrol\u00fc. Devlet\u00e7ili\u011fin gerek\u00e7esi ise Onbe\u015finci Y\u0131l Kitab\u0131\u2019nda \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cAs\u0131rlarca yabanc\u0131 milletler taraf\u0131ndan istismar edilen T\u00fcrk milletinin ekonomik istiklalini temin edecek, milleti ecnebi fabrika mahsullerine m\u00fc\u015fteri olmaktan kurtaracak, yurdun iptidai maddelerini yok pahas\u0131na sat\u0131p onlar\u0131n ecnebi mamullerini \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 bir fiat ile sat\u0131n almaktan \u00e7\u0131karacak yol, ancak Devlet\u00e7ilik prensiplerini kabul ve tatbik ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi.<\/p>\n

        Yeni T\u00fcrk devleti bunu temin i\u00e7in en esasl\u0131 tedbirlerini ald\u0131. Milli end\u00fcstrinin kuvvetlenmesi i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f pazarlardan yurda gelecek mallara yurttan \u00e7\u0131kan mallar\u0131n rekabetini tanzim etmek ve yeni kurulan fabrikalar\u0131n kurulu\u015f senelerine mahsus zaruri olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 fazla masraflar dolay\u0131sile maliyet fiat\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseklikten do\u011fan nisb\u00ee pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in dahili sanayi himaye etmek laz\u0131md\u0131. Bu, hari\u00e7ten gelecek mallara fazla g\u00fcmr\u00fck resmi koymak, ecnebi mallar\u0131n ithalat\u0131n\u0131 tahdit ve tanzim etmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bu himaye prensibi B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin vazetti\u011fi kanunlarla temin edildi\u011fi gibi Devletin tanzim edici elinin d\u0131\u015f ticarete de m\u00fcdahale etmesi sayesinde ithalat, ihracat ve tediye muvazeneleri temin edilmi\u015f ve d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk toprak mahsullerinin yeri gittik\u00e7e geni\u015flemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        \u2026 Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin Devlet\u00e7ili\u011fi, hususi ve ferdi te\u015febb\u00fcs ve faaliyetlere imkan vermeyen, m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mayan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn iktisadi faaliyetlerle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istihsal vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 Devlet elinde teksif eden Kolektivist ve toptan Devlet\u00e7ilikle asla alakal\u0131 de\u011fildir\u201d.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin Onbe\u015finci Y\u0131l Kitab\u0131\u2019nda \u201cLaiklik\u201d ilkesi ve laikle\u015fme s\u00fcreci \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
        \n\u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, dinlerden ve dinlerin koydu\u011fu naslardan de\u011fil hayat\u0131n kendinden ve onun m\u00fcspet icap ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan m\u00fclhem olarak i\u015fleyen bir devlet mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet ve d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinde dinin hi\u00e7bir tesiri yoktur. \u0130\u015fte bu prensibe Laiklik derler.<\/p>\n

        \u2026 Cumhuriyetin \u015fer\u2019i mahkemeleri kald\u0131rarak ve Medeni Kanunu koyarak adli birli\u011fi, medreseleri ilga ederek tedrisat birli\u011fini yapmas\u0131; cemiyetin yeti\u015ftirici ve ya\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan dinin tesirini kald\u0131rmas\u0131 demektir. B\u00f6ylece amme haklar\u0131n\u0131n en m\u00fchimlerinden biri olan vicdan h\u00fcrriyeti, Laiklik sayesinde en geni\u015f ve ideal bir \u015fekilde temin edilmi\u015ftir. Bir cemiyetin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve medenili\u011fi i\u00e7in birinci \u015fart olan vicdan h\u00fcrriyeti, her ferdi manevi hususlarda kendi idrak ve iman\u0131na b\u0131rakarak ferdi inan\u0131\u015fla devletin ve cemiyetin umumi y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00f6stekleyici b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011flar\u0131 kopar\u0131p atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Milli ve i\u00e7timai hayatta ferdin, dinsiz, \u015fu veya bu itikat sistemine mensup olu\u015fu; milli ve i\u00e7timai vazifesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ne bir kusur, ne de bir fazilet say\u0131lamaz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dinin d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinden ayr\u0131 tutuldu\u011fu, Laikli\u011fin ilan olundu\u011fu andan itibaren hi\u00e7 kimse, hi\u00e7bir ibadete icbar edilemez ve hi\u00e7 kimse, vicdan\u0131n\u0131n ilham\u0131 ile kabul etti\u011fi ibadetten men olunamaz.
        \nBu geni\u015f ve y\u00fcksek anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n hududu i\u00e7inde k\u00f6hne, y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 ve en y\u00fcksek i\u00e7timai heyetleri bile sukut ettirici tekke, tarikat gibi irticai zihniyet m\u00fcmessillerinin girmesine tabiatile imkan yoktur\u201d.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin \u201cCumhuriyet\u00e7ilik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re egemenli\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131 halkt\u0131r. Bu kapsamda tarihimizdeki en k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olan Cumhuriyet Devrimi, \u201csaltanat\u201d\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yerine \u201cmilli iradenin\u201d getirilmesini ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle \u201ctebaa\u201dn\u0131n yerini \u201cyurtta\u015f\u201d alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti bir ilke ve ideal beraberli\u011fi \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyet, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, bu beraberli\u011fi olu\u015fturan t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n, hukuk ve haklar\u0131 ile e\u015fitli\u011fi ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinden almaktad\u0131r. Yurtta\u015fl\u0131k herkes i\u00e7in ortak temel \u00f6\u011fe ve \u201chak alan\u0131\u201d olarak esas al\u0131nan temel bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin \u201chalk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise siyasal me\u015fruiyetin temelini halkta bulabilmektedir, ekonomik ve siyasal imtiyazlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r, sahipsizlerin sahibi olmakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri halk i\u00e7in, halkla beraber bulmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        CHP\u2019nin \u201cdevrimcili\u011fi\u201d ise yukar\u0131da geni\u015f olarak ifade edildi\u011fi gibi bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fimdir, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 payla\u015fmad\u0131r, gelece\u011fe at\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere a\u00e7\u0131larak yenilikleri kavray\u0131p benimsemektir; bunu s\u00fcreklilik i\u00e7inde bir ya\u015fam ve y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir. Kurallar\u0131 ve kendini sorgulayarak, daha iyiye ve do\u011fruya ula\u015fman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede geli\u015fimin y\u00f6ntem ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fla, CHP, halkla birlikte, halktan g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetki alarak, demokratik hukuk devleti kurallar\u0131na ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak devrimcili\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

        <\/h3>\n

        Alt\u0131 Oklu Bayrak\u2026<\/h3>\n

        Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce CHP\u2019nin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 On Be\u015finci Y\u0131l Kitab\u0131\u2019nda, 1923 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn birinci maddesinde s\u0131ralanan ama\u00e7lara benzer \u015fekilde \u015funlar dile getirilmektedir: \u201cCumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7(\u00fcnc\u00fc) ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Kongrelerinde tanzim olunan Parti program\u0131 T\u00fcrk milletini, milli \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek olan ana yollar\u0131 tam, kat\u2019i ve a\u00e7\u0131k olarak g\u00f6sterir. Bu program, \u015fu veya bu s\u0131n\u0131f ve z\u00fcmre i\u00e7in de\u011fil; b\u00fct\u00fcn millet i\u00e7in, milletin yeni ve ileri hedefi olan medeni y\u00fckseli\u015f u\u011frunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar i\u00e7indir. Bu program bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ve yar\u0131nki cumhuriyet nesilleri i\u00e7in inan esaslar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan ve Kemalizm\u2019in ortaya koydu\u011fu ve Partinin bayra\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 zemin \u00fczerinde alt\u0131 beyaz okla temsil etti\u011fi alt\u0131 ehemmiyetli vasf\u0131 ihtiva eder\u201d. CHP, alt\u0131 oklu bayra\u011f\u0131 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bayra\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fekli CHF Bayrak Talimat\u0131\u2019nda a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt\u0131 oklu bayra\u011f\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131 Gazi E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde Resim-\u0130\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin 10. y\u0131l\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce alt\u0131 oklu bayraklar parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Kemalizmin Resmiyet Kazanmas\u0131\u2026<\/h3>\n

        \u201cKemalizm\u201d CHP\u2019nin May\u0131s 1935 tarihinde toplanan D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Kurultay\u0131\u2019nda kabul edilen CHP Program\u0131 ile resmiyet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Program\u0131n \u201cGiri\u015f\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131nda Kemalizm ile ilgili \u015fu de\u011ferlendirme yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

        \u201cCumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin program\u0131na temel olan ana fikirler, T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015flerle, yal\u0131n olarak ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

        Bundan ba\u015fka, bu fikirlerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131, 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda Parti Kurultay\u0131\u2019nca da kabul olunan t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn genel esaslar\u0131nda ve Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ayn\u0131 kurultayca onanm\u0131\u015f olan bildiri\u011finde ve 1931 kamutay se\u00e7imi dolay\u0131siyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bildirikte saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Yaln\u0131z birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7in de\u011fil, gelece\u011fi de kapsayan tasar\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ana hatlar\u0131 burada toplu olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Partimizin g\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn bu esaslar, Kem\u00e2lizm prensipleridir\u201d.<\/p>\n

        <\/h3>\n

        Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin \u0130lk Programlar\u0131 ve Dokuz Umde\u2026<\/h3>\n

        CHP\u2019nin ilk program\u0131 1931 tarihlidir. Ancak, 1923 genel se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Reisi Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 8 Nisan 1923 tarihli \u201cDokuz Umde\u201d olarak bilinen \u201cSe\u00e7im Beyannamesi\u201d de bir program tasla\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

        \u00dclkeyi i\u015fgalden kurtaran Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019nin partiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan CHP, kurtulu\u015f\u00e7u ve modernle\u015ftirici bir parti kimli\u011fine sahiptir. Bu kapsamda, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi kurtaran parti 1923 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde devlet kurma\/ ulus in\u015fa etme misyonu y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Nitekim t\u00fcm tek parti d\u00f6nemi boyunca kabul edilen CHP programlar\u0131na (1931, 1935, 1939 ve 1943) bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2013Dokuz Umde de dahil olmak \u00fczere-, yeni bir devlet, yeni bir ulus in\u015fas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu kapsamda Dokuz Umde\u2019de dikkati \u00e7eken unsurlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Egemenli\u011fin millete ait oldu\u011fu,<\/li>\n
        • G\u00fcvenlik sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi,<\/li>\n
        • Adalet sisteminin reforma tabi tutulaca\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n
        • Askerli\u011fin k\u0131salt\u0131laca\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n
        • Sava\u015fta harap olan \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fa edilece\u011fi,<\/li>\n
        • Ekonomik ve sosyal alanda halk yarar\u0131na politikalar\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 (a\u015far vergisinin yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi, t\u00fct\u00fcn ekimine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler, \u00fcreticilere y\u00f6nelik kredi kolayl\u0131klar\u0131, tar\u0131mda makinele\u015fme, demiryollar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131, e\u011fitimin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminin d\u00fczenlenmesi, ormanlar\u0131n verimli bir \u015fekilde i\u015fletilmesi, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihinde kabul edilen Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 Nizamnamesi\u2019nin birinci maddesinde ise Partinin;<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Milli hakimiyetin halk taraf\u0131ndan ve halk i\u00e7in icras\u0131na rehberlik etmek,<\/li>\n
          2. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi asri bir devlet halinde y\u00fckseltmek,<\/li>\n
          3. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetlerin \u00fcst\u00fcnde kanunun velayetini hakim k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            1931, 1935, 1939 ve 1943 tarihli CHP programlar\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde vatan, millet ve devlet gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n olmas\u0131 ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 gelebilir. Bununla birlikte, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde ulus ve devlet in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n halen s\u00fcrmekte olu\u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu d\u00f6nemdeki s\u00f6ylem ve uygulamalar\u0131n bu ama\u00e7lara d\u00f6n\u00fck program (yani yap\u0131lacak i\u015fler) dahilinde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Nitekim M. Kemal 9 May\u0131s 1935 tarihinde, CHP D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Kurultay\u2019\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u2019ni \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r: \u201cU\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131k bir \u00fclke\u2026 T\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fmanlarla kanl\u0131 bo\u011fu\u015fmalar\u2026 Ondan sonra, i\u00e7erde ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da sayg\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan yeni vatan, yeni toplum, yeni devlet ve bunlar\u0131 ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in aras\u0131z devrimler\u2026 \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrk genel devriminin k\u0131sa bir diyemi\u2026\u201d1931 program\u0131nda \u201ckad\u0131nlara milletvekili se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131 verilmesi\u201d gibi d\u00f6nemin t\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f uluslar\u0131n\u0131n da ilerisinde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir hakk\u0131n tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Nitekim Bir sonraki 1935 Program\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bu hedef ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

            1931 Program\u0131nda, bir dereceli se\u00e7im sistemi toplumun (ileride) belli bir olgunlu\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra uygulanabilecek nihai bir hedef olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. 1935 tarihli programda ise, ileride bir dereceli se\u00e7im sistemine ge\u00e7ilmesinden vazge\u00e7ilerek, iki dereceli sistemin demokratikle\u015ftirilmesi esas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 1943 tarihli program ise, bu konuda daha geri bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131makta olup, iki dereceli se\u00e7im sistemine devam edilece\u011fini belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

            1935 program\u0131, 1931 tarihli programa g\u00f6re daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Partinin ideolojisi Kemalizm olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uluslar aras\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131 olan, k\u00f6k\u00fc yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan ve s\u0131n\u0131f esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 cemiyetlerin kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015f\u00e7i ve esnaf\u0131n parti taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenece\u011fi belirtilmektedir ki, bunun ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi \u0130zmir\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihlerde, Recep Peker\u2019in otoriter-totaliter bir parti program ve t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun Atat\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda belirtilmektedir. Ancak, bu program ve t\u00fcz\u00fck tasla\u011f\u0131 ortada yoktur.<\/p>\n

            1943 Program\u0131n\u0131n be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cCihan harbi i\u00e7inde idare\u201d ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cCihan harbinden sonraki ihtimaller\u201d, Partinin d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Program\u0131n\u0131 buna g\u00f6re revize etti\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Nitekim tek parti d\u00f6nemi boyunca d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir toplanan CHP Kurultaylar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli i\u015flerinden biri Parti Program\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. \u201cAlt\u0131 Ok\u201dun a\u015famal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kabul edilmesi gibi, Kemalizm de tek parti d\u00f6nemi boyunca \u2013\u00f6zellikle de Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde- geli\u015fip bir ideoloji niteli\u011fi kazanarak, belirli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

            <\/h3>\n

            Cumhuriyet\u2019in Demokrasiyi Kurmas\u0131 S\u00fcrecinde Toplumsal Altyap\u0131n\u0131n Geli\u015ftirilmesi \u00c7abalar\u0131\u2026<\/h3>\n

            Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 ve Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 denemeleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ok partili rejimin yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in toplumsal altyap\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz yetersiz oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, devrimlerin toplum taraf\u0131ndan yeterince benimsenmedi\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda devrimlerin do\u011fru anlat\u0131lmas\u0131, anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve toplum taraf\u0131ndan i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki yol izlendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunlardan ilki e\u011fitim\/k\u00fclt\u00fcr seviyesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi, ikincisi ise h\u0131zl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma\/sanayile\u015fme do\u011frultusunda giri\u015fimleridir.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            E\u011fitim Seferberli\u011fi: K\u00f6y E\u011fitmen Te\u015fkilat\u0131, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri ve Halkevleri\u2026<\/h3>\n

            Cumhuriyetin Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim miras\u0131 hi\u00e7 de i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Toplam n\u00fcfusun i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6\u011frencilerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 2,9 ile \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir paya sahiptir. Bu oran\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de y\u00fczde 2,8 oran\u0131yla ilkokul \u00f6\u011frencileri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ortaokul \u00f6\u011frencilerinin oran\u0131 onbinde 5 iken, lise \u00f6\u011frencilerinin oran\u0131 ise ancak onbinde 1 d\u00fczeyinde kalmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir tablo i\u00e7erisinde e\u011fitim seferberli\u011fi ve toplumun e\u011fitim seviyesinin h\u0131zla y\u00fckseltilmesi ivedilik arz eden bir politika tercihi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            D\u00f6nemin Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 Saffet Ar\u0131kan, 26 May\u0131s 1936 tarihinde TBMM\u2019de bakanl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, k\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131n\u0131n okula gidebildi\u011fini, bu \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edilirse, okulsuz 35.000 k\u00f6ye birer \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in y\u00fcz y\u0131l beklenilmesi gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten de 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda 40.000 k\u00f6yden 32.000\u2019inde okul, posta te\u015fkilat\u0131 ve d\u00fckkan bulunmamaktad\u0131r. 11 milyon ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 40.000 k\u00f6yde okuma-yazma bilen n\u00fcfus oran\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 2\u2019dir. Bu nedenle de, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 1936\u20131937 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u201cK\u00f6y E\u011fitmen Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u201d kurulmu\u015ftur. Askerli\u011fini onba\u015f\u0131 ve \u00e7avu\u015f olarak yapanlar 8 ayl\u0131k bir kurstan ge\u00e7irildikten sonra k\u00f6ylere \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdir. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan \u201cK\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri\u201dnden mezun olanlarla birlikte, 1950 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde 26.000 e\u011fitmen ve enstit\u00fcl\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmen k\u00f6ylere g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

            Yeti\u015fkinlerin e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in ise \u201cHalkevleri\u201d kurulmu\u015ftur. 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan 34 Halkevi\u2019nin say\u0131s\u0131 1950\u2019de 478\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halk evleri\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birer \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kurulan 141 Halkodas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4322\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde halk\u0131n e\u011fitiminde \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc i\u015flevler g\u00f6ren Halkevleri 9 \u015fubeden olu\u015fuyordu: Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla; Dil, tarih ve edebiyat, Ar (G\u00fczel Sanatlar), G\u00f6sterit (Tiyatro), Spor, Sosyal yard\u0131m, Halk dershaneleri ve kurslar\u0131, Kitapsaray (K\u00fct\u00fcphane) ve yay\u0131n, K\u00f6yc\u00fcl\u00fck, M\u00fcze ve sergi \u015fubeleridir.<\/p>\n

            Millet Mektepleri\u2019nde yeti\u015fkinlere y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131lan okuma-yazma kurslar\u0131n\u0131 Halkevleri devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Yo\u011fun bir e\u011fitim seferberli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Demokrat Parti (DP) iktidar\u0131 devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halk\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 32\u2019si okuryazar niteli\u011fine kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. N\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ise hala okuma-yazma bilmiyordu.<\/p>\n

            Halkevlerinin ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birini de yurtta\u015f yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Nitekim Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok konu\u015fmada, topluma moral a\u015f\u0131lama ve ulusal gurur kazand\u0131rma konusunda yo\u011fun \u00e7aba harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

            <\/h3>\n

            En G\u00fczel Musiki Makine Sesi,En B\u00fcy\u00fck Ulusal Dava: Sanayile\u015fmek\u2026<\/h3>\n

            At\u0131lan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli ad\u0131m da h\u0131zl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma ve bu do\u011frultuda sanayile\u015fmeye y\u00f6neliktir. M. Kemal Pa\u015fa, 13 Ocak 1923 tarihinde \u0130zmit\u2019te \u0130stanbul gazetecilerine \u0130zmir\u2019de toplanacak olan T\u00fcrkiye \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019ni haber verirken;<\/p>\n

            \u201cYeni T\u00fcrkiye devleti temellerini s\u00fcng\u00fc ile de\u011fil, s\u00fcng\u00fcn\u00fcn de dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 iktisat ile kuracakt\u0131r. Yeni T\u00fcrkiye devleti d\u00fcnyay\u0131 alan bir devlet olmayacakt\u0131r. Ama, yeni T\u00fcrkiye devleti bir iktisat devleti olacakt\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

            Yeni T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal davalar\u0131ndan biri sanayile\u015fmek olmu\u015ftur. D\u00f6nemin ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve lider kadrosu i\u00e7in en g\u00fczel musiki de makine sesi idi.<\/p>\n

            \u00dclke ekonomisinin millile\u015ftirildi\u011fi, h\u0131zl\u0131 sanayile\u015fmek i\u00e7in hem \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn, hem de devletin birlikte yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemi, kendinden sonraki t\u00fcm d\u00f6nemlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir performansa sahip olmu\u015ftur. Bu ba\u015far\u0131 ekonomik g\u00f6stergelere de yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Nitekim, 1923\u20131938 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde GSMH art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fczde 115 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00dcstelik Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk paras\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak de\u011fer kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde \u00fclke ekonomimiz adeta \u201cAlt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u201d\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Cumhuriyet tarihimiz boyunca ekonomik kalk\u0131nma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nem olan Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Millile\u015ftirme ve Karma ekonomi, Denk b\u00fct\u00e7e, \u0130thalat-ihracat denkli\u011fi, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z para basmama ve 0 enflasyon ile t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n sonucunda elde edilen y\u00fcksek kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131.<\/p>\n

            1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda \u00f6ncelikli ama\u00e7 kalk\u0131nma olmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte d\u00f6nemin kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, sadece ekonomik alanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr de dahil olmak \u00fczere toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n di\u011fer alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermi\u015ftir. Nitekim b\u00f6ylesi bir kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Celal Bayar \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 y\u00f6netiminden, 1932\u2019de \u00f6nce \u0130ktisat Vekilli\u011fine, 1937\u2019de Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa getirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yerini Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n almas\u0131nda \u00fclkede \u00f6ncelikli hedefin kalk\u0131nma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fmesi belirleyici olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

            1936 tarihli \u0130kinci Sanayi Plan\u0131\u2019nda d\u00f6nemin \u0130ktisat Vekili Celal Bayar, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in end\u00fcstrile\u015fme bir milli varl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, bir milli m\u00fcdafaa m\u00fccadelesidir ve hi\u00e7 bir fedakarl\u0131k ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 bu milli m\u00fccadelenin neticesiyle mukayese edilemez\u201d ifadesiyle d\u00f6nemin kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyuyordu.<\/p>\n

            Bu d\u00f6nemde kalk\u0131nman\u0131n planl\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k sanayi planlar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve izlenen sanayile\u015fme politikas\u0131 genel hatlar\u0131yla ithal ikameci bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda \u00f6ncelikli olarak dokuma, \u015feker, \u00e7imento, ka\u011f\u0131t, \u015fi\u015fe cam, demir \u00e7elik vb. alanlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kamu i\u015fletmeleri kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

            Bu d\u00f6nemde kurulan fabrikalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Alpulu \u015eeker Fabrikas\u0131 (1926), U\u015fak \u015eeker Fabrikas\u0131 (1926), B\u00fcnyan Dokuma Fabrikas\u0131 (1927), Eski\u015fehir \u015eeker Fabrikas\u0131 (1933), Turhal \u015eeker Fabrikas\u0131 (1934), Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Bez Fabrikas\u0131 (1934), Konya-Ere\u011fli Bez Fabrikas\u0131 (1934), Kayseri Bez Fabrikas\u0131 (1934), \u0130zmit Birinci Ka\u011f\u0131t ve Karton Fabrikas\u0131 (1936), Karab\u00fck Demir-\u00c7elik Fabrikas\u0131 (temel atma, 1937), Ere\u011fli Bez Fabrikas\u0131 (1937), Gemlik \u0130pek Fabrikas\u0131 (1938), Bursa Merinos Fabrikas\u0131 (1938). Bu d\u00f6nemde ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7 pazar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan ula\u015f\u0131m politikalar\u0131na ve \u00f6ncelikli olarak da demiryollar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            CHP Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Fa\u015fistleriyle De\u011fil, \u0130lerici ve Demokrat Partileriyle \u0130li\u015fkilerini Geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir\u2026<\/h3>\n

            CHP 12\u201315 A\u011fustos 1933 tarihlerinde Sofya\u2019da toplanan 9\u2019uncu Radikal Demokratlar Kongresi\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda da radikal demokratlar\u0131n bir kongresine (1927) CHP Genel Sekreteri Saffet Bey (Ar\u0131kan) \u201cm\u00fc\u015fahit\u201d olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP\u2019nin 1927 tarihli B\u00fcy\u00fck Kongresi\u2019nde, radikal partilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu birli\u011fe do\u011frudan kat\u0131lma fikri reddedilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, 1933 tarihinde yap\u0131lan kongreye kat\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, CHF bu kongrelere \u201cm\u00fc\u015fahit\u201d olarak kat\u0131lmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

            Sofya\u2019da toplanan kongrede; i\u015fsizlik, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck duvarlar\u0131 konular\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcmr\u00fck duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Avrupa g\u00fcmr\u00fck birli\u011fi ve tek paral\u0131 uluslar aras\u0131 bir bankan\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 Avrupa Federasyonu i\u00e7in a\u015famalar olarak \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir. Kongrede al\u0131nan siyasal kararlar ise; \u201cDemokrat bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet usul\u00fcn\u00fcn memleketlerin i\u00e7timai te\u015fkilat\u0131nda manevi ve fikri te\u015friki mesaiyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ancak b\u00f6yle bir usul\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde beraberli\u011fini, mahkemelerin istiklalini ve s\u00f6z ve matbuat h\u00fcrriyetini temin eyliyece\u011fi\u201d belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

            Radikal ve M\u00fcmasili F\u0131rkalar\u0131n Beynelmilel \u0130tilaf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fckselen totaliter rejimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ilerici ve demokrat Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 savunmalar\u0131, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin temellerini te\u015fkil edecek fikirleri g\u00fcndeme getirmeleri son derece \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kemalist iktidar\u0131 temsil eden CHP\u2019nin bu \u00f6rg\u00fctle ili\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131, Cumhuriyetin kurucular\u0131n\u0131n fikri temellerinin ortaya konmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            <\/h3>\n

            2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 Genel E\u011filim Totaliter Rejimler iken, CHP T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Demokrasiye Ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026<\/h3>\n

            Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanan genel e\u011filim totaliter (fa\u015fist ve kom\u00fcnist) rejimlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fte olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kemalist T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu tarz partilerle ili\u015fki kurmak yerine radikal\/ilerici ve demokratik partilerle ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tersine iki kez \u00e7ok partili rejim denemesinde bulunmas\u0131 ve iktidar\u0131 kaybetme pahas\u0131na \u00e7ok partili rejimi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc denemede ba\u015farmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

            Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ile \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde demokratik \u00fclkelerin say\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0131zla azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda 64 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletten 29\u2019u demokratik (y\u00fczde 45,3) \u00fclke niteli\u011finde iken, 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda 61 devletten sadece 12\u2019si demokratik (y\u00fczde 19,7) rejimlere sahiptir. Demokratik \u00fclkelerin oran\u0131 1922\u20131942 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde y\u00fczde 56,6 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyada genel e\u011filim h\u0131zla totaliter rejimlere ge\u00e7i\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcnde iken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u0131lmadan \u00e7ok partili rejime ge\u00e7me \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n ve demokratikle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerinin \u00f6nemle alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmesi gerekmektedir. CHP\u2019nin \u00dclkemizin \u00c7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma s\u00fcrecindeki misyonunun do\u011fru okunmas\u0131 ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fananlar\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            CHP\u2019nin Millet ve Milliyet\u00e7ilik Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Hi\u00e7bir Zaman Irk Temeline Dayal\u0131 Olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026<\/h3>\n

            Yeni T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin millet ve milliyet\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda net bir \u015fekilde yer almaktad\u0131r. Anayasan\u0131n 88\u2019nci maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

            \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrk itlak olunur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de veya hari\u00e7te bir T\u00fcrk baban\u0131n sulb\u00fcnden do\u011fan veyahut T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fup da memleket d\u00e2hilinde ikamet ve sini r\u00fc\u015fde vus\u00fcl\u00fcnde resmen T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihtiyar eden veyahut vatanda\u015fl\u0131k kanunun m\u00fccibince T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe kabul olunan herkes T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u0131fat\u0131 kanunen muayyen olan ahvalde izahe edilir\u201d.<\/p>\n

            Anayasa TBMM\u2019de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken millet ve milliyet\u00e7ilik konusunda iki milletvekili iki farkl\u0131 \u00f6nerge vermi\u015ftir. \u0130ki de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nergesi de TBMM\u2019ce kabul edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

            Bunlardan birincisi Mersin milletvekili Niyazi Bey\u2019in \u00f6nergesidir: \u201cEfendim, kanunun bir\u00e7ok yerinde T\u00fcrkiye kelimesi vard\u0131r. Kanuni Esasi Enc\u00fcmeni ile de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Onlar da bunu kabul ediyorlar. Teb\u2019aya T\u00fcrk dedikten sonra T\u00fcrkiye demek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Esasen T\u00fcrkiye tabiri \u0130talyancadan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Arabca bir kelimedir. Buna hi\u00e7 mahal yoktur. T\u00fcrk devleti; T\u00fcrk Teb\u2019as\u0131, T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, hepsi T\u00fcrk, hepsi m\u00fcsavidir. Binaenleyh T\u00fcrkeli suretinde tashihini teklif ediyorum\u201d.<\/p>\n

            TBMM ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilen di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nergesi Konya milletvekili Naim Haz\u0131m\u2019a aittir:
            \n\u201cMaddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk kelimesinin T\u00fcrkiyeli \u015feklinde tadil ve di\u011fer f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n da buna g\u00f6re tashih ve tanzimini teklif ederim\u201d.<\/p>\n

            Atat\u00fcrk, 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Medeni Bilgiler kitab\u0131nda, millet kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f de\u011ferler temelinde ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

            \u201cMillet; dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve \u00fclk\u00fc birli\u011fine dayanan siyasal ve sosyal bir topluluktur\u201d.
            \nYine ayn\u0131 kitapta Atat\u00fcrk, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetini kuran T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131na T\u00fcrk milleti denir\u201d derken, milleti olu\u015fturan unsurlar aras\u0131nda \u0131rk\u0131 ve dini saymam\u0131\u015f, \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm etnik gruplar\u0131 kapsayan bir \u00fcst kimlik milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi tan\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            <\/h3>\n

            Laiklik\u2026<\/h3>\n

            \u201cAc\u0131lar g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Bunun nedeni, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n durumunu anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d Millet kavram\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Laiklik kavram\u0131 da d\u00f6nemin resmi metinlerinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1938 tarihli On Be\u015finci Y\u0131l Kitab\u0131\u2019nda \u015fu tan\u0131ma yer verilmektedir:\u00a0 \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, dinlerden ve dinlerin koydu\u011fu naslardan de\u011fil hayat\u0131n kendinden ve onun m\u00fcsbet icap ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan m\u00fclhem olarak i\u015fleyen bir devlet mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet ve d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinde dinin hi\u00e7bir tesiri yoktur. \u0130\u015fte bu prensibe laiklik derler\u201d.<\/p>\n

            Laiklik konusu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde oldu\u011fu gibi, 1930\u2019lar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde de \u00f6nemli bir yer te\u015fkil ediyordu. 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bursa\u2019da meydana gelen baz\u0131 olaylar \u00fczerine Adalet eski Bakan\u0131 Mahmut Esat Bey (Bozkurt) ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00f6neride bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u201cBence bug\u00fcn dahi halli laz\u0131m gelen bir cihet vard\u0131r. Diyanet i\u015flerinin yava\u015f yava\u015f devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, yaln\u0131z devletin y\u00fcksek nezareti alt\u0131nda, fakat hususi varidatla, mesela Kanunu Medeniye uygun tesisatla idare edilmesi icap eder. Vaizlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir imamlar\u0131n\u0131n Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun ilahiyat \u015fubesi mezunlar\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve lisan bilir kimseler aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesi laz\u0131md\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehir imamlar\u0131n\u0131n ise mevkileri ile m\u00fctenasip bir tahsil g\u00f6rmeleri Layikli\u011fi anlamalar\u0131 \u00e7ok faidelidir\u201d.<\/p>\n

            Ge\u00e7 bir modernle\u015fme ve laik bir ulus in\u015fa etme hareketi olarak da tan\u0131mlanabilecek olan T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u2019nin d\u00fcnyevile\u015fme ve uygarl\u0131k ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk, 1925\u2019te Kastamonu\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ediyordu: \u201cAc\u0131lar g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Bunun nedeni, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n durumunu anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemiz, anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z uygar olacakt\u0131r. \u015eunun bunun s\u00f6z\u00fcne \u00f6nem vermeyece\u011fiz. Uygar olaca\u011f\u0131z. Bununla \u00f6v\u00fcnece\u011fiz. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z. (\u2026) Bizim de \u015fimdiye de\u011fin geri kalmam\u0131z ve sonunda son y\u0131k\u0131m \u00e7amurunda bat\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z bundand\u0131. Be\u015f alt\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kendimizi kurtarm\u0131\u015fsak, bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki de\u011fi\u015fikliktendir. Art\u0131k duramay\u0131z; ne olursa olsun ileriye gidece\u011fiz. Geriye hi\u00e7 gidemeyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ileri gitmek zorunday\u0131z. Ulus a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilmelidir; uygarl\u0131k \u00f6yle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ate\u015ftir ki ona ald\u0131rmaz olanlar\u0131 yakar ve yok eder.<\/p>\n

            \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz uygarl\u0131k ailesinde yara\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yeri bulacak ve onu koruyacak, y\u00fckseltece\u011fiz. G\u00f6nen\u00e7, mutluluk ve insanl\u0131k bundad\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

            200 y\u0131ll\u0131k modernle\u015fme tarihimizin en k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve en radikal de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem, Tekeli-\u0130lkin\u2019in \u201cK\u00f6ktenci Modernite Projesi\u201d dedi\u011fi 1923\u20131950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem, tek parti y\u00f6netiminin egemen oldu\u011fu ve Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn liderli\u011finde (1938\u2032e kadar) T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6nemdir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde; geleneksel toplumun kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yerini modern toplumun kurumlar\u0131 almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelenekselli\u011fi sembolize eden tar\u0131m ekonomisinin, dinsel-monar\u015fik devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, dinsel cemaatlere dayal\u0131 toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u0131rsal toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yerini sanayile\u015fme, ulus-devlet, ayd\u0131nlanma, bireyselle\u015fme, kentle\u015fme, kurumsalla\u015fma gibi modernle\u015fme kavramlar\u0131 ve olgular\u0131 almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            <\/h3>\n

            II. Tek Parti \u0130ktidar\u0131ndan Muhalefete: CHP\u2019de Yenilenme ve Toplumcu Kimli\u011fin \u00d6ne \u00c7\u0131kmas\u0131\u2026<\/h3>\n

            T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6ncelikle \u00fclkeyi kurtarma giri\u015fimi, sonras\u0131nda da bir modernle\u015fme projesi niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu hareketin do\u011fal sonucunun demokrasi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Nitekim, 1924\u20131925 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 denemesi, 1930\u2019da Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 denemesi, m\u00fcstakil milletvekilli\u011fi (1931\u20131939) ve M\u00fcstakil Grup (1939\u20131946) aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 demokrasinin yerle\u015ftirilmesi giri\u015fimleri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. T\u00fcrk Devrimi\u2019nin tamamlanmas\u0131 1950 se\u00e7imlerinin d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve bunun neticesinde 27 y\u0131ll\u0131k tek parti iktidar\u0131n\u0131n sorunsuz ve demokratik yollardan sona ermesi ile \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bir tek parti y\u00f6netiminin kendi iste\u011fi ile \u00e7ok partili rejime y\u00f6nelmesi ve iktidar\u0131 muhalefete devri, o d\u00f6neme kadar ve sonras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir uygulama de\u011fildir. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ve d\u00f6nemin CHP y\u00f6neticilerinin bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 ile Cumhuriyet rejimi demokrasi ile tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7aba, o y\u0131llarda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada hayranl\u0131k ve sayg\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim, \u00dclkeyi i\u015fgalden kurtaran, tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve Cumhuriyeti kuran CHP, demokrasiyi de kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            1950 Se\u00e7imleri\u2026.<\/h3>\n

            1950 se\u00e7imlerine ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenleme 16 \u015eubat 1950 tarihinde kabul edilen Se\u00e7im Kanunu ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanun gizli oy, a\u00e7\u0131k say\u0131m, yarg\u0131 g\u00fcvencesi ve Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131 gibi temel unsurlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Bu yap\u0131s\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bir se\u00e7im sisteminden beklenecek iki \u00f6nemli \u015fey oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir: Birincisi, se\u00e7im g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve se\u00e7imlerin d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r \u2013ki 1950 se\u00e7im Kanunu bunu sa\u011fl\u0131yordu-. \u0130kincisi ise, temsilde adalettir. 1950 Se\u00e7im Kanunu bunu tam olarak sa\u011flam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

            CHP\u2019nin bunun fark\u0131na varmas\u0131 ancak 1950 se\u00e7imlerinden sonra oldu. Oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 52\u2019sini alan DP, milletvekilliklerinin y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131rken, oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 39\u2019unu alan CHP milletvekilliklerinin sadece y\u00fczde 14\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc alabilmi\u015ftir. CHP, se\u00e7im kanununun adaletsizli\u011fine u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Al\u0131nan oylar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fark yoktur. Hatta 27 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131n vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara ra\u011fmen bu denli y\u00fcksek oy alabilmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Nitekim, CHP, se\u00e7imlerde yenilmi\u015ftir ancak, ortada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hezimet yoktur. As\u0131l hezimet, parlamentoda temsil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Al\u0131nan oylarla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan milletvekillerinin aras\u0131ndaki dengesizlik ise, 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar boyunca ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n temel nedenlerinden birini olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funluk sisteminden nispi temsil sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f ancak 1961 se\u00e7imleriyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            1950 Sonras\u0131 D\u00f6nemde CHP\u2019nin Gen\u00e7le\u015fmesi ve Kitleselle\u015fmesi\u2026<\/h3>\n

            1950 yenilgisi ve iktidardan d\u00fc\u015fme, CHP a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Partinin gen\u00e7le\u015ftirilmesi en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem maddelerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Se\u00e7im yenilgisinin hemen ertesinde Haziran 1950\u2019de toplanan CHP Kurultay\u0131\u2019nda Genel Ba\u015fkan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Genel Sekreter aday\u0131 olan Nihat Erim ve \u015eemsettin G\u00fcnaltay kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kas\u0131m G\u00fclek Genel Sekreterli\u011fe se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fclek\u2019in genel sekreterli\u011fe se\u00e7ilmesi geleneksel CHP\u2019liler i\u00e7in s\u00fcrpriz olmu\u015ftur. Yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar Milli \u015eef ve De\u011fi\u015fmez Genel Ba\u015fkan olan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn destekledi\u011fi ki\u015fi de\u011fil, O\u2019nun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ki\u015fi genel sekreter se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

            Kas\u0131m G\u00fclek, genel sekreterli\u011fi d\u00f6nemi boyunca \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015farak, CHP\u2019nin kitleselle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnde sevilen, sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pop\u00fclaritesi artan G\u00fclek, 1950\u20131959 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Genel Sekreterlik g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fclek\u2019in \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye ra\u011fmen parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan genel sekreter se\u00e7ilmesi ve 9 y\u0131l bu g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi partinin bu k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede parti i\u00e7i demokraside sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmeyi g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            1954 Se\u00e7imleri\u2026.<\/h3>\n

            CHP, 1950 se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan 1954 se\u00e7imlerinde de arzu edilen ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve Kas\u0131m G\u00fclek\u2019in genel sekreterli\u011fi neticesinde Parti, bir yandan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc gen\u00e7le\u015ftirmi\u015f, di\u011fer yandan da DP\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 muhalefeti artt\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f ve sertle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. 1950\u2019lerin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra ekonomideki olumlu havan\u0131n bozulmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, artan yoksulluk ve y\u00fckselen enflasyon DP iktidar\u0131n\u0131 zora sokmu\u015f ve parti i\u00e7indeki \u00e7eki\u015fmeler artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP ise bu d\u00f6nemde h\u0131zla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmelerin sonras\u0131nda 1957 se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            1957 Se\u00e7imleri\u2026.<\/h3>\n

            Giderek otoriterle\u015fen, muhalefeti ve bas\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan DP, erkene ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerde (1957) muhalefetin i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. Se\u00e7imlerde baz\u0131 usuls\u00fczl\u00fcklerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen muhalefet se\u00e7imlerde oylar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve DP\u2019nin oylar\u0131 ilk kez y\u00fczde 50\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer yandan muhalefetin oylar\u0131 y\u00fczde 50\u2019nin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1957 Se\u00e7imlerinde se\u00e7im ittifak\u0131 yap\u0131labilmi\u015f ve se\u00e7imler daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131labilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, DP\u2019nin se\u00e7imleri kaybetmesi olas\u0131yd\u0131. Yine de 1950\u2019de 69, 1954\u2019te 31 milletvekili \u00e7\u0131karabilen CHP, 1957\u2019de 173 milletvekili \u00e7\u0131kararak \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Demokratik yollarla iktidara gelen DP\u2019nin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra giderek otoriterle\u015fmesi, ekonomik ve siyasal sorunlar artt\u0131k\u00e7a giderek bask\u0131 rejimine y\u00f6nelmesi ve bask\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra muhalefet partilerini de i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015flemesi, demokrasiye ve parlamenter hayata b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar vermi\u015ftir. DP\u2019nin 1958 sonlar\u0131nda giri\u015fti\u011fi Vatan Cephesi uygulamas\u0131, \u00fclkedeki siyasal cephele\u015fmeyi artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes, 12 Ekim 1958\u2019de halk\u0131 Vatan Cephesi\u2019ne kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken, muhalefeti kin ve husumet cephesi olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yordu. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Menderes\u2019in demokrasi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6z ve uygulamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cDemokrasiye paydos demeye DP genel ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmeyecektir\u201d diyordu. Ancak TBMM\u2019de ve \u00fclke genelinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen muhalefete tahamm\u00fcl edemeyen DP, hem \u015fiddet eylemlerine y\u00f6nelecek hem de muhalefeti ortadan kald\u0131rmaya giri\u015fecektir. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019le birlikte T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurucusu, eski Ba\u015fbakan ve eski cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, nas\u0131l Cumhuriyeti demokrasiyle tamamlaman\u0131n ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sab\u0131r ve \u00f6zveriyle att\u0131ysa, nas\u0131l muhalefet yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da sab\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            CHP\u2019nin Yenilenmesi\u2026<\/h3>\n

            Genel olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar boyunca CHP b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde bir yandan geni\u015f kitlelerle ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirirken, di\u011fer yandan da demokrasinin, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin temsilcisi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Nitekim 1959 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u201c\u0130lk Hedefler Beyannamesi\u201d, Partinin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu bildirge, partinin halk\u00e7\u0131 ve toplumcu bir kimlik kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

            Bildirgede yer alan ba\u015fl\u0131ca hedefler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Anti-demokratik yasalar kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
            • Anayasa; halk egemenli\u011fi, sosyal adalet, hukuk devleti ve toplumsal g\u00fcvenlik esaslar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131narak de\u011fi\u015ftirilecektir.<\/li>\n
            • Devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
            • Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme \u00fczerindeki denetimi fiili ve etkin bir hale getirilecektir.<\/li>\n
            • \u0130kinci Meclis (Senato) kurulacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
            • Yarg\u0131 denetimi b\u00fct\u00fcn idari tasarruflar\u0131 kapsayacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Vatan Cephesi, Tahkikat Komisyonu ve \u00f6\u011frenci olaylar\u0131 ile doruk noktas\u0131na ula\u015fan DP\u2019nin bask\u0131 rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan CHP, halkla iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftur. 27 May\u0131s \u00f6ncesinde CHP ile birlikte ayd\u0131nlar, \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri, \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri ve Ordu mensuplar\u0131 DP iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 alenen tepki g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bas\u0131na ve muhalefete bask\u0131, iktidar\u0131n anti-demokratik uygulamalar\u0131, Vatan Cephesi, ekonominin k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmesi, enflasyon, fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda memurlar\u0131n gelir kayb\u0131, yoksulluk ve d\u0131\u015f politikada yap\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015flar CHP\u2019nin daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP\u2019nin, \u0130lk Hedefler Beyannamesindeki vaatleri ise, 1961 Anayasas\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

              <\/h3>\n

              III. Ortan\u0131n Solu \u2026<\/h3>\n

              CHP\u2019nin 1950\u2019de iktidar\u0131 DP\u2019ye b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ile birlikte bir d\u00f6nem kapanm\u0131\u015f ve yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1950\u2019de ba\u015flayan ve 1980\u2019de sona eren bu 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem, 1960 ve 1980 y\u0131llar\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere iki askeri darbeyi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. 12 Mart 1971\u2019deki ara rejim d\u00f6nemini de eklersek bu d\u00f6nemde demokrasinin kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusudur. T\u00fcrk demokrasisinin iki darbe ve bir m\u00fcdahale ile kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131, CHP\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u0131srarl\u0131, kararl\u0131 ve uygulamal\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc demokrasi aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              1961 Anayasas\u0131yla g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, toplumsal sorunlar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda bir yandan kitlelerin h\u0131zla siyasalla\u015fmas\u0131na, di\u011fer yandan da CHP\u2019nin toplumsal muhalefetle kucakla\u015fmas\u0131na uygun bir ortam sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda CHP, \u00e7arp\u0131k bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7, kentle\u015fme, sanayile\u015fme ve kapitalistle\u015fme dinamiklerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve derin e\u015fitsizlikleri i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran toplumsal tabakala\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde, k\u0131rda kentte, sanayide tar\u0131mda her alanda ezilen kitlelerden yana tavr\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde koyarak siyasal yelpazedeki yerini net bir \u015fekilde belirlemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde CHP yoksul, ezilen, emek\u00e7i kesimlere umut olacak yeni siyasal a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar yaparak siyasal yelpazede sosyal adaleti, demokrasiyi, e\u015fitli\u011fi, dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ve adil payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 temel alan sosyal demokrasi \u00e7izgisine oturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

              Nitekim, 1950\u2019ye kadar olan d\u00f6nemde Devleti, Cumhuriyeti ve Demokrasiyi kuran parti misyonunu ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayan CHP, 1950 sonras\u0131 yeni d\u00f6nemde yayg\u0131nla\u015fan yoksullar\u0131 ve ezilen kesimleri koruyan ve b\u00f6ylelikle toplumsal muhalefet kimli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir parti niteli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lk misyonunu tamamlayarak 1950\u2019de iktidar\u0131 teslim eden CHP i\u00e7in yeni iktidar umudu 1965\u2019te \u201cOrtan\u0131n Solu Politikas\u0131\u201dyla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              1965 \u00f6ncesindeki geli\u015fmeleri ise Ortan\u0131n Solu\u2019nun haz\u0131rl\u0131k evresi olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Nitekim, 1950\u2019lerin sonunda H\u00fcrriyet Partisi ile CHP\u2019nin birle\u015fmesi ve bu partiden Turan G\u00fcne\u015f, Turhan Feyzio\u011flu gibi isimlerin CHP\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olmu\u015ftur Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 da, geni\u015f kitlelerle ileti\u015fimi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir politikac\u0131 olan Kas\u0131m G\u00fclek\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. En \u00f6nemlisi de CHP\u2019nin bir muhalefet partisi olarak, halkla, kitlelerle yak\u0131ndan ve s\u0131cak diyalog kurabilmesidir.<\/p>\n

              1959 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u201c\u0130lk Hedefler Beyannamesi\u201d, Ortan\u0131n Solu\u2019na giden dikkat \u00e7ekici bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r: Anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Senato, Anayasa Mahkemesi, sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara grev hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131, se\u00e7im sisteminin demokratikle\u015ftirilmesi (nispi temsil sistemi)\u2026 Bu hedefler, 27 May\u0131s Anayasas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, askeri m\u00fcdahale CHP\u2019yi tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidara gelmekten uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilakis, askeri m\u00fcdahale CHP\u2019ye oy kaybettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

              \u00dczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli bir konu da \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Menderes, Zorlu ve Polatkan\u2019\u0131n idamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7abalar ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olsa da, Talat Aydemir\u2019in iki darbe giri\u015fimi \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen askeri m\u00fcdahalenin ve idamlar\u0131n CHP\u2019ye mal edilmesi, CHP\u2019nin 1961 se\u00e7imlerinden tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar olarak \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na engel olmu\u015ftur. 1957 se\u00e7imlerindeki oylar\u0131n\u0131n gerisine d\u00fc\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen CHP se\u00e7imlerden birinci parti olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve Se\u00e7imler sonras\u0131nda Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. 27 May\u0131s olmasa belki CHP, 1961 se\u00e7imlerinden iktidar olarak \u00e7\u0131kabilirdi.<\/p>\n

              1961\u20131965 d\u00f6nemindeki CHP\u2019nin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ve bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin izledi\u011fi politikalar Ortan\u0131n Solu politikalar\u0131n\u0131n habercisi olmu\u015ftur..<\/p>\n

              1965 se\u00e7imlerinin hemen \u00f6ncesinde \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n CHP\u2019nin Ortan\u0131n Solu\u2019nda oldu\u011funu beyan etmesi \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Adalet Partisi\u2019nin (AP) Ortan\u0131n Solu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik manip\u00fclatif cevab\u0131 ise gecikmemi\u015ftir: \u201cOrtan\u0131n Solu, Moskova\u2019n\u0131n Yolu!\u201d<\/p>\n

              1961 se\u00e7imlerinden istenilen sonucun al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkili oldu\u011fu bir ortamda, T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fmeler de dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131sal bir de\u011fi\u015fime gidilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak sosyalist e\u011filimli rejimler kurmalar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

              1961 se\u00e7imlerinden istenilen sonucun al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkili oldu\u011fu bir ortamda, T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fmeler de dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131sal bir de\u011fi\u015fime gidilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak sosyalist e\u011filimli rejimler kurmalar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              K\u0131br\u0131s Sorunu ve Johnson Mektubu\u2026<\/h3>\n

              1960 sonras\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f politikada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi en fazla me\u015fgul eden konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s Sorunu gelmektedir. Bu sorun nedeniyle, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi tehdidi ile ba\u015flayan ABD ile iyi ili\u015fkiler, Johnson Mektubu ile tehlikeye girmi\u015ftir. Zira, ABD, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye verdi\u011fi silahlar\u0131n K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermiyordu.<\/p>\n

              \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, \u201cYeni bir d\u00fcnya kurulur, T\u00fcrkiye de orda yerini al\u0131r\u201d diyerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 ile olan ittifak\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tav\u0131r, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin sonunu getirse de, \u00fclkenin o d\u00f6nemdeki antiemperyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ortam\u0131yla uygunluk g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hatta, CHP\u2019nin sol politikalar\u0131yla paralellik arz etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

              <\/h3>\n

              Artan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, Solun Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve Ortan\u0131n Solu A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u2026<\/h3>\n

              1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi geni\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ortam\u0131, sola d\u00f6n\u00fck yeni a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlara da f\u0131rsat tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan biri T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (T\u0130P) kurulmas\u0131ysa, di\u011feri de 1930\u2019lardaki Kadro hareketinden esinlenen bir grup ayd\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nce Y\u00f6n Dergisi\u2019ni (1961\u20131967) ve ard\u0131ndan da Devrim Gazetesi\u2019ni (1969\u20131971) \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              Bu d\u00f6nemde esas tart\u0131\u015fma ise CHP i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cOrtan\u0131n Solu\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sadece bir slogan olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u00e7inin de doldurulmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, geli\u015fmeler bu y\u00f6nde olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira CHP, bu d\u00f6nemde samimi olarak de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnya ve \u00fclke ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamay\u0131 arzulamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

              T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girmesi ve sanayile\u015fmeyle birlikte emek\u00e7i kesimlerin artmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7le birlikte ya\u015fanan kentle\u015fme s\u00fcreci ve kentli n\u00fcfus oran\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla y\u00fckselmesi CHP\u2019nin ideolojik yenilenmesini derinden etkileyen olgulardan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r. CHP, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015f a\u015famalar\u0131nda izledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fcst\u00fc ve ulusal bir parti olma \u00e7izgisini, yeni d\u00f6nemde dar gelirli, emek\u00e7i kesimlere do\u011fru y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

              CHP\u2019nin bu d\u00f6nemdeki politikas\u0131nda eme\u011fin \u00f6nceli\u011fi, e\u015fitlik ve toplumsal adalet konular\u0131 ba\u015fta geliyordu. \u201cToprak \u0130\u015fleyenin, Su Kullanan\u0131n\u201d s\u00f6ylemi, \u201cHak\u00e7a D\u00fczen\u201d, \u201cBu D\u00fczen De\u011fi\u015fmelidir\u201d \u015feklinde devam etmi\u015ftir\u2026<\/p>\n

              CHP\u2019nin sol bir parti oldu\u011fu tezi, asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok partili ya\u015fama ge\u00e7ilen y\u0131llarda da g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Partinin ideolojisini ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130smail H\u00fcsrev T\u00f6kin, 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda CHP\u2019yi DP\u2019nin solunda bir parti olarak tan\u0131mlamaktayd\u0131:<\/p>\n

              \u201cCumhuriyet Halk Partisinin toprak davas\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131\u015f tarz\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i te\u015fkilat\u0131, sosyal yard\u0131m, sosyal sigorta ilh. i\u015flerini kanunlarla d\u00fczenleme yolunda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirler sol ad\u0131mlard\u0131r. Halbuki Demokrat Parti, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslerin bu gibi m\u00fckellefiyetler alt\u0131na girmesini tervi\u00e7 etmemektedir. Bu itibarla b\u00fct\u00fcn sosyal tatbikatiyle Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Demokrat Parti\u2019nin solunda yer alm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

              Daha \u00f6nce DP\u2019nin solunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen CHP, 1960\u2019larda T\u0130P\u2019in sa\u011f\u0131nda, \u201cortan\u0131n solu\u201dnda yer alarak, ideolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden belirlemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmeler de CHP\u2019nin ortan\u0131n solu politikas\u0131n\u0131 benimsemesinde etkili olmu\u015ftur. Ticaret burjuvazisinden sanayi burjuvazisine ge\u00e7i\u015fin h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rmas\u0131, CHP\u2019nin tercihini emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flardan yana yapmas\u0131nda belirleyici olan unsurlardan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              \u201cOrtan\u0131n Solu\u201d terimi, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan 1965\u2019te ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece bir \u201cs\u00f6ylem\u201d niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Ancak, i\u00e7i bo\u015f olan bu terimin i\u00e7eri\u011fi giderek dolduruldu ve partinin ideolojik kimli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

              \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye g\u00f6re Ortan\u0131n Solu, CHP\u2019nin kendi \u00f6z\u00fcnde, 1923\u2019teki kurulu\u015f ruhunda var olan bir niteliktir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, CHP\u2019de demokratik sol\/sosyal demokrat politikalar \u00fcretilmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

              1965\u20131972 d\u00f6neminde parti i\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, bu gruplar aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak denge kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, gruplar\u0131 her zaman uzla\u015ft\u0131rmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Feyzio\u011flu ve Kemal Sat\u0131r \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi partiden kopu\u015flar\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir: S\u00f6z konusu gruplar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz: Feyzio\u011flu grubu, Sat\u0131r grubu, Nihat Erim grubu, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnyac\u0131lar (Muammer Erten-H\u00fcdai Oral\u2026) ve Ecevit\/Ortan\u0131n Solu grubu.<\/p>\n

              Ecevit grubu, Ortan\u0131n Solu deyimine i\u00e7erik kazand\u0131rmak istiyordu. Bu grubun temel s\u00f6ylemlerini birka\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131k halinde s\u0131ralamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Halka dayanmak, g\u00fcvenmek,<\/li>\n
              • Demokrasiyi t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle benimsemek,<\/li>\n
              • Cunta ve darbelerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olmak,<\/li>\n
              • Ezilenlerden, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan, emek\u00e7ilerden yana olmak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Gruplar aras\u0131 m\u00fccadelede, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019den sonra Partinin ba\u015f\u0131na kimin ge\u00e7ece\u011fi kavgas\u0131n\u0131n da etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, ki\u015fisel \u00e7eki\u015fmeler de etkili olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, temel s\u00fcr\u00fckleyici fakt\u00f6r, partinin ideolojik yenilenmesidir. S\u00f6z konusu ideolojik yenilenme CHP\u2019de Ecevit\u2019i \u00f6nce Genel Sekreterli\u011fe ard\u0131ndan da Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                <\/h3>\n

                Genel Sekreter B\u00fclent Ecevit ve Ortan\u0131n Solu\u2026<\/h3>\n

                Adalet Partisi\u2019nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar oldu\u011fu 1965\u20131969 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda CHP, bir yandan parti i\u00e7i muhalefetle u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kal\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan da iktidar partisiyle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Bu sava\u015fta \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc geri planda kal\u0131rken ve denge siyaseti izlerken, Parti Genel sekreterli\u011fine se\u00e7ilen B\u00fclent Ecevit \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lara B\u00fclent Ecevit kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                1966 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 18. Kurultay ortan\u0131n solcular\u0131 ile ortan\u0131n sa\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yar\u0131\u015fmaya sahne olmu\u015ftur. Kurultay\u2019dan ortan\u0131n solcular\u0131 galip \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fclent Ecevit Kurultay\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

                \u201cOrtan\u0131n soluna kar\u015f\u0131 koyanlar Atat\u00fcrk ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fme halindedirler. Bir parti, toprak reformuna bildirgesinde yer verince, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131nca, petrol\u00fc millile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131nca ortan\u0131n solundad\u0131r. Ortan\u0131n solu \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn dedi\u011fi gibi partinin sosyal yenile\u015fmenin bilincine var\u0131\u015f\u0131 demektir. Devlet\u00e7ili\u011fi daha ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek gerekir. Yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlerin petrol\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ipotek alt\u0131na almalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ediyoruz. (\u2026) Ortan\u0131n Solu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden se\u00e7im kaybetmedik. \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in kaybettik. Gene bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu buradad\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

                <\/h3>\n

                1970\u2019li Y\u0131llar\u2026\u201cToprak \u0130\u015fleyenin, Su Kullanan\u0131n\u201d \u201cBu D\u00fczen De\u011fi\u015fmelidir\u201d<\/h3>\n

                1969 se\u00e7imlerinde de AP kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yenilgiye u\u011frayan CHP, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda s\u00f6yleminde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan \u201ctoprak i\u015fleyenin, su kullanan\u0131n\u201d ilkesini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ilke ile CHP, AP\u2019nin oy kayna\u011f\u0131 olan k\u00f6yl\u00fcye y\u00f6nelerek b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi ve toplumsal taban kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                Mevcut d\u00fczenden \u015fikayet\u00e7i olanlar\u0131n hakl\u0131 tepkilerini dile getirerek, \u201cBu d\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fmelidir\u201d slogan\u0131yla alternatif aray\u0131\u015flara y\u00f6nelen CHP\u2019nin demokratik solda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Parti yay\u0131n\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcrlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u0130nsan dergisi bu fikirlerin dile getirildi\u011fi ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli platformlardan biri olmu\u015ftur. Partinin ayd\u0131nlarla birlikte tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulardan \u00f6ncelikli olanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tar\u0131m d\u00fczeni gelmekteydi. Toprak reformunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fu belirtiliyor; tar\u0131m kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fi ve tar\u0131mda vergilendirme konular\u0131 i\u015fleniyordu.<\/p>\n

                B\u00fclent Ecevit, Ziya G\u00f6kalp M\u00fclayim\u2019in Tar\u0131mda D\u00fczen De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi adl\u0131 kitab\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde, \u201cDaha ileri, daha insanca bir toplum d\u00fczeni kurabilmek i\u00e7in ilkin, tar\u0131m d\u00fczenini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekir\u201d ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toprak reformu hedefi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerce o kadar benimsenmi\u015ftir ki, yer yer fiili toprak i\u015fgalleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; k\u00f6ylerde bu konuda tabelalar dikilmi\u015f, duvarlara yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cBuras\u0131 toprak reformu b\u00f6lgesidir\u201d ya da \u201cBu k\u00f6yde toprak reformu m\u00fccadelesi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u201d. CHP\u2019li politikac\u0131lar bu eylemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekti\u011finde k\u00f6yl\u00fcyle, gerekti\u011finde grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iyle yan yana, omuz omuza m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. O d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu ola\u011fan bir durumdur. Zira, \u00fclke ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullar kitleleri artan oranda siyasetin i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir..<\/p>\n

                1969 se\u00e7imlerinde de AP kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yenilgiye u\u011frayan CHP, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda s\u00f6yleminde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan \u201ctoprak i\u015fleyenin, su kullanan\u0131n\u201d ilkesini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ilke ile CHP, AP\u2019nin oy kayna\u011f\u0131 olan k\u00f6yl\u00fcye y\u00f6nelerek b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi ve toplumsal taban kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                Mevcut d\u00fczenden \u015fikayet\u00e7i olanlar\u0131n hakl\u0131 tepkilerini dile getirerek, \u201cBu d\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fmelidir\u201d slogan\u0131yla alternatif aray\u0131\u015flara y\u00f6nelen CHP\u2019nin demokratik solda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Parti yay\u0131n\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcrlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u0130nsan dergisi bu fikirlerin dile getirildi\u011fi ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli platformlardan biri olmu\u015ftur. Partinin ayd\u0131nlarla birlikte tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konulardan \u00f6ncelikli olanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tar\u0131m d\u00fczeni gelmekteydi. Toprak reformunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fu belirtiliyor; tar\u0131m kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fi ve tar\u0131mda vergilendirme konular\u0131 i\u015fleniyordu.<\/p>\n

                B\u00fclent Ecevit, Ziya G\u00f6kalp M\u00fclayim\u2019in Tar\u0131mda D\u00fczen De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi adl\u0131 kitab\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde, \u201cDaha ileri, daha insanca bir toplum d\u00fczeni kurabilmek i\u00e7in ilkin, tar\u0131m d\u00fczenini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekir\u201d ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toprak reformu hedefi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerce o kadar benimsenmi\u015ftir ki, yer yer fiili toprak i\u015fgalleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; k\u00f6ylerde bu konuda tabelalar dikilmi\u015f, duvarlara yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cBuras\u0131 toprak reformu b\u00f6lgesidir\u201d ya da \u201cBu k\u00f6yde toprak reformu m\u00fccadelesi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u201d. CHP\u2019li politikac\u0131lar bu eylemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekti\u011finde k\u00f6yl\u00fcyle, gerekti\u011finde grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iyle yan yana, omuz omuza m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. O d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu ola\u011fan bir durumdur. Zira, \u00fclke ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullar kitleleri artan oranda siyasetin i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir..<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Genel Ba\u015fkan B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2026<\/h3>\n

                12 Mart muht\u0131ras\u0131na (1971) kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan B\u00fclent Ecevit, muht\u0131radan sonra Nihat Erim taraf\u0131ndan kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmete, CHP taraf\u0131ndan bakan verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ste\u011fi Genel ba\u015fkan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmeyince, Parti Genel Sekreterli\u011finden istifa etmi\u015ftir. B\u00fclent Ecevit, parti y\u00f6netiminden ayr\u0131lmakla beraber parti ile ilgisini hi\u00e7bir zaman kesmemi\u015ftir. Bilakis, Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile olan ili\u015fkisini peki\u015ftirme yoluna gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                May\u0131s 1972\u2019de toplanan CHP 5. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Kurultay\u0131\u2019nda B\u00fclent Ecevit ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldiler. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, \u201cYa ben, ya Ecevit\u201d derken B\u00fclent Ecevit konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu:
                \n\u201cA\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum, demokratik bir partinin kanunlara sayg\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr \u00fcyeleri mi olaca\u011f\u0131z, yoksa kap\u0131kullar\u0131 m\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131z? Karar sizindir\u201d.<\/p>\n

                Kurultay\u2019da B\u00fclent Ecevit ekibi g\u00fcvenoyu ald\u0131. Bu nedenle de \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc genel ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 14 May\u0131s 1972 tarihinde yap\u0131lan genel ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde B\u00fclent Ecevit, delegelerin oylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc alarak Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019den sonra CHP\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

                B\u00fclent Ecevit genel ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildikten sonra, 12 Mart ara rejim h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu karardan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da Kemal Sat\u0131r ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 partiden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti\u2019yi kuran Sat\u0131r ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, daha sonra Turhan Feyzio\u011flu\u2019nun kurdu\u011fu G\u00fcven Partisi ile birle\u015ferek, Cumhuriyet\u00e7i G\u00fcven Partisi\u2019ni olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n

                <\/h3>\n

                1973 Se\u00e7imleri ve CHP-MHP Koalisyonu\u2026<\/h3>\n

                CHP, 1973 se\u00e7imlerine B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in liderli\u011finde girdi. Se\u00e7imlere d\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi s\u00f6ylemleri ile giren CHP\u2019nin slogan ve se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesinde haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bildirge, Ak G\u00fcnlere ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Hak\u00e7a bir d\u00fczen kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen CHP, se\u00e7im bildirgesinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir program sunuyordu. CHP, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kitlelerle sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayna\u015fma neticesinde y\u00fczde 33,3 oy alarak se\u00e7imlerden birinci parti olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TBMM\u2019ye 185 milletvekili ile girmi\u015f olmakla birlikte, tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar olamad\u0131. AP ile koalisyon ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyince, Necmettin Erbakan\u2019\u0131n liderli\u011findeki Milli Selamet Partisi ile koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuruldu. Yap\u0131sal uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 9 ay kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. (Ocak-Eyl\u00fcl 1974).<\/p>\n

                H\u00fck\u00fcmetin k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu d\u00f6nemde K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve K\u0131br\u0131s \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019e m\u00fcthi\u015f bir karizma sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan, koalisyonun bozulmas\u0131yla erken se\u00e7imi ama\u00e7layan B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Aylar s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizinden sonra sa\u011f partilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Birinci Milliyet\u00e7i Cephe (MC) h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur (1975\u20131977). Koalisyonun b\u00fcy\u00fck orta\u011f\u0131 ise S\u00fcleyman Demirel\u2019in liderli\u011findeki AP olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                1977 Se\u00e7imleri: CHP Zirvede\u2026<\/h3>\n

                Bu d\u00f6nemde CHP, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir muhalefet performans\u0131 sergileyerek 1977 se\u00e7imlerinde tarihinin en y\u00fcksek oyunu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: y\u00fczde 41,9. Ancak, se\u00e7im sistemi CHP\u2019nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar olmas\u0131na izin vermemi\u015ftir. Salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in 226 milletvekili gerekiyordu. CHP ise 213 milletvekilinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 13 milletvekili eksikti. Bu arada kurulan CHP az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti g\u00fcvenoyu alamay\u0131nca, \u0130kinci MC h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuruldu. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet de k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu. AP\u2019den 11 milletvekili transfer eden ve CGP ile DP\u2019nin deste\u011fini alan CHP, Ocak 1978\u2019de zor da olsa bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurdu. MC iktidar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuran CHP, b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Ancak, kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmet yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                12 Eyl\u00fcl \u00d6ncesi\u2026<\/h3>\n

                1970\u2019lerin son y\u0131llar\u0131nda ter\u00f6r b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ekonomik ambargo ve d\u00f6viz darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle karaborsa, enflasyon ve ekonomik bunal\u0131m artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc beklerken, sorunlar katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Faili me\u00e7hul cinayetler h\u0131zla artt\u0131. Mevcut durum CHP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin itibar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine yol a\u00e7arken, 1979 sonbahar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan milletvekili ara ve senato k\u0131smi se\u00e7imlerinde oy kaybetmesine neden oldu. CHP yerini Demirel az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetine b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

                Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00f6neminde Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri var olan sorunlara ek olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Nisan 1980\u2019den Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na kadar aylarca cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilememi\u015fti. 24 Ocak 1980\u2019de kabul edilen ekonomik politikalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ancak otoriter bir ortamda uygulanabilecek olmas\u0131, partilerin, kitlelerin ve sendikalar\u0131n g\u00f6sterece\u011fi tepkilerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl m\u00fcdahalesinin nedenleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri m\u00fcdahalesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir ba\u015fka unsur da, uluslararas\u0131 konjonkt\u00fcr olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ran ve Afganistan\u2019da ABD ve Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin iktidara gelmesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

                <\/h3>\n

                IV. CHP Yeniden \u2026<\/h3>\n

                1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda DYP-SHP koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan bir yasal d\u00fczenlemeyle 12 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131nda kapat\u0131lan siyasal partilerin yeniden a\u00e7\u0131labilmeleri \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yasal engeller ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923\u2019teki ilk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 69 y\u0131l sonra, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1992\u2019de CHP yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 12 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesindeki 1979\u2019daki delegeleriyle toplanan CHP Kurultay\u0131, CHP\u2019nin ayn\u0131 ad ve amblemle a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa ise Deniz Baykal se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                CHP\u2019nin yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk solunun CHP \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda yeniden toparlanmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki sol birikimin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve yenilenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir f\u0131rsat sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                CHP, 1994 Program\u0131 ve Yeni Sol\u2026<\/h3>\n

                Yeni Sol anlay\u0131\u015fla yeniden siyaset arenas\u0131nda yerini alan CHP, Parti politikalar\u0131n\u0131 Yeni Sol anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde sosyal demokrat d\u00fcnyadaki ekonomi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na yeni bir yakla\u015f\u0131m getirilerek \u201csadece e\u015fit payla\u015fan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcreten bir ekonomi\u201d hedeflenmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kalk\u0131nma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ulusal ekonomi i\u00e7inde, t\u00fcm toplumsal kesimleri dikkate alarak adaletli bir gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ortaya konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                Ayr\u0131ca, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Kongrede 1976 Program\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcncel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uyarlanarak yeniden ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Partinin Sosyalist Enternasyonal \u00fcyeli\u011fi yenilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                1994 Program\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik ve siyasal sorunlar\u0131na, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f sosyal demokrasinin ilkeleri ve de\u011ferleri ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6zg\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde somut \u00f6neriler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda \u201ckimsesizlerin kimsesi\u201d olan Sosyal Devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Programda \u00f6nemle yer verilen ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flanan ba\u015fl\u0131ca konular \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u00dccretsiz ve y\u00fcksek nitelikli e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri sunumu,<\/li>\n
                • Sendikal hareketlerin ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi,<\/li>\n
                • E\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • Yoksullukla m\u00fccadele politikalar\u0131n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • \u00dcniter devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve etnik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin zenginlik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • K\u00fcrt sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi,<\/li>\n
                • AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde gerekli olan mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri,<\/li>\n
                • \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131n ve Devlet G\u00fcvenlik Mahkemelerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • \u00d6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin aktif siyasete kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal uygulamalar\u0131na son verilmesi,<\/li>\n
                • D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Program\u0131n \u00f6nceliklerinden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere CHP, son y\u0131llarda haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler alan\u0131nda elde edinilen kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca itici g\u00fc\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                  Yine o d\u00f6nemde CHP, milletvekili dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcrs\u00fc dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 program\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve yolsuzluklar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek \u00fczere Parlamentoda kanun teklifleri vermi\u015ftir. Demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak, kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engelleri kald\u0131r\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda evlilikte mal ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  Her zaman insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini \u00f6n planda tutan CHP, Bosna-Hersek\u2019te ya\u015fanan sava\u015fa ve etnik temizlik uygulamalar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda CHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Deniz Baykal Bosna-Hersek\u2019e giderek orada ya\u015fananlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \u00dclke i\u00e7inde ise, \u00e7ok say\u0131da masum insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine neden olan PKK ter\u00f6r\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131, hem b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n, hem de ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele eden g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yan\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirten politikalar izlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                  Yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra girdi\u011fi ilk se\u00e7im olan 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Yerel Se\u00e7imlerde y\u00fczde 4,6 oy oran\u0131na sahip olmu\u015f ve 5 ilde belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  <\/h3>\n

                  SHP-CHP Birle\u015fmesi\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  18 \u015eubat 1995\u2019te SHP ile CHP birle\u015ferek, Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa Hikmet \u00c7etin getirilmi\u015ftir. 7 ay sonra 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1995\u2019te yap\u0131lan Ola\u011fan Kurultay\u2019da Deniz Baykal yeniden Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. SHP\u2019nin 4,5 y\u0131ld\u0131r DYP ile birlikte s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koalisyona son vererek se\u00e7im karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan CHP, DYP ile se\u00e7ime kadar 54 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yeni bir se\u00e7im h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki ay\u0131 bile bulmayan bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00f6neminde Kardak Krizi ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  28 \u015eubat S\u00fcreci: \u201cNe Laiklikten \u00d6d\u00fcn Ne de Darbe\u201d\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  1996\u20131999 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u00e7in sanc\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olarak tarihteki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira, bu d\u00f6nemde Refah partisi ile Do\u011fru Yol Partisi koalisyonu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7ine sokmu\u015f ve bu s\u00fcrecin sonucunda 28 \u015eubat s\u00fcreci ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rejim tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerden birisi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en bu d\u00f6nemde CHP \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

                  Parlamento\u2019nun 49 milletvekiliyle be\u015finci partisi olarak, rejim kayg\u0131lar\u0131 ve darbe s\u00f6ylentileri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, bu d\u00f6nemden bir kesintiye u\u011framadan \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel gayret sarf etmi\u015f, her iki konuda da mevcut partilerden farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcayan, laikli\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelenlere de kar\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015f, darbe \u00f6zlemlerine de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \u201cKafan\u0131z\u0131 tanka \u00e7arpacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyenlere kar\u015f\u0131, \u201cHay\u0131r, kafalar\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011fa \u00e7arpacaklar\u201d diyerek darbe s\u00f6ylemleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok kararl\u0131 bir duru\u015f sergilemi\u015ftir. Refah Partisi \u2013 DYP Koalisyon H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin Haziran 1997\u2019de istifas\u0131 sonucu \u00fc\u00e7 partili az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00fcvenoyu almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak d\u00fczeyde katk\u0131 veren CHP, o d\u00f6nemde yine etkili bir muhalefet sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  Susurluk ve \u00c7eteler: \u201cDevlet Ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  Yine o d\u00f6nemde Susurluk kazas\u0131yla ortaya d\u00f6k\u00fclen devlet i\u00e7indeki \u00e7etevari yap\u0131lanmalara en kararl\u0131 \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan parti CHP olmu\u015ftur. Hatta Susurluk\u2019tan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce DYP-SHP Koalisyon H\u00fck\u00fcmetini bozarken yap\u0131lan \u201cDevlet ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d saptamas\u0131, CHP\u2019nin ya\u015fananlara te\u015fhis koymaktaki becerisini ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  8 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Temel E\u011fitime Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u2026<\/h3>\n

                  1997 yaz\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 partili az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulur kurulmaz Meclis\u2019in tatile girmesi s\u00f6z konusuydu. CHP A\u011fustos 1997\u2019de, 8 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Temel E\u011fitim Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kmadan Meclis tatile girmemelidir diyerek kanunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece CHP\u2019nin \u0131srarl\u0131 duru\u015fu sonucunda \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan 8 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Temel E\u011fitime ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  T\u00fcrkbank Skandal\u0131 ve Yolsuzluklar\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  O d\u00f6nemin temel tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131ndan birisi yine yolsuzluklar olmu\u015ftur. CHP, her d\u00f6nemde yolsuzluklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sergiledi\u011fi kararl\u0131 tutumu bu d\u00f6nemde de tavizsiz ve ilkeli bir bi\u00e7imde uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cNe rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, ne darbe, ne de yolsuzluklar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diyerek, T\u00fcrkbank skandal\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

                  PKK ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131 Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n Suriye\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda kal\u0131p yakalanarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye getirildi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7te, T\u00fcrkiye ayn\u0131 zamanda 18 Nisan 1999 se\u00e7imlerine gidiyordu. Bu konjonkt\u00fcrde girilen se\u00e7imlerde CHP y\u00fczde 10 baraj\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalarak parlamentoya girememi\u015ftir. 12 Eyl\u00fclden sonra kurulmu\u015f olan DSP, B\u00fclent Ecevit liderli\u011finde se\u00e7imlerden birinci parti olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  CHP se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131na \u201cHalk\u0131 Ezdirmeyece\u011fiz, Devleti Soydurmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d slogan\u0131yla girmi\u015ftir. Yolsuzluklara ve batan bankalara dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. O g\u00fcnlerde bat\u0131r\u0131lan kaynak hen\u00fcz 3,5 milyar dolar d\u00fczeyindeydi. Se\u00e7imlerden sonra bu rakam krizle birlikte 40 milyar dolara kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  <\/h3>\n

                  Banka Hortumlamalar\u0131 ve 2001 Krizi\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  Nisan 1999 Se\u00e7imlerinden sonra DSP-ANAP-MHP Koalisyon H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmu\u015ftur. CHP\u2019nin parlamentoda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde 2001 krizi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceki y\u0131llarda CHP\u2019nin \u0131srarla vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 banka hortumlamalar\u0131 ise bu d\u00f6nemin en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan sorunu olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6z\u00fcnde bir finans krizi olan 2001 krizi \u00f6ncesinde CHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Deniz Baykal\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7imlerden \u00f6nce bu konular\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 2001 kriziyle birlikte hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n da bir sonucu olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

                  \u00d6zellikle bankalar birbiri ard\u0131na batmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, T\u00fcrkbank skandal\u0131 nedeniyle H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bozmu\u015f olan CHP\u2019nin do\u011fru politikalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda kriz ya\u015fan\u0131rken, politikalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in CHP halk nezdinde de b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

                  Deniz Baykal Yeniden Genel Ba\u015fkan\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  Baraj alt\u0131nda kald\u0131ktan sonra Genel Ba\u015fkan Deniz Baykal 21 Nisan 1999\u2019da istifa etmi\u015f, Altan \u00d6ymen Genel Ba\u015fkan olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, Altan \u00d6ymen istedi\u011fi baz\u0131 kararlar\u0131 y\u00f6netimden ge\u00e7iremeyince, 2000 sonbahar\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kurultay karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  30 Eyl\u00fcl 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan Kurultay sonucunda Deniz Baykal yeniden Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Baykal kendisini g\u00f6reve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran CHP \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne, partide kavgalar\u0131 bitirmek \u00fczere g\u00f6reve gelece\u011fini ilan etmi\u015ftir. CHP\u2019nin partile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve bu s\u00fcrecin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7in partide bir dizi yeni kararlar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcz\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygulamaya konulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 d\u00f6nemler sona erdirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  3 Kas\u0131m 2002 Genel Se\u00e7imleri: CHP Ana Muhalefet Partisi\u2026<\/h3>\n

                  3 Kas\u0131m 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Genel Se\u00e7imlerde CHP y\u00fczde 19,4 oy oran\u0131yla Ana-muhalefet partisi olarak Parlamentoya yeniden girmi\u015ftir. Ekonomik krize tepki olarak mevcut b\u00fct\u00fcn partiler baraj alt\u0131nda kal\u0131rken, AKP iktidar\u0131yla birlikte yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde CHP, Parlamentodaki etkisi artan muhafazakar \u00e7embere kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir m\u00fccadele i\u00e7ine girmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda AKP taraf\u0131ndan artan oranda tehdit edilen \u00fclkenin ekonomik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasal alanlardaki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131kla savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                  Bu kapsamda vurgulanmas\u0131 gereken konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Eme\u011fin sosyal ve ekonomik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                  • Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdaki artan dengesizliklerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                  • \u00dccretsiz ve nitelikli e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                  • Yolsuzluklarla m\u00fccadele ve Siyasete etik getirilmesi,<\/li>\n
                  • K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                  • Cinsiyet ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verilmesi,<\/li>\n
                  • Laikli\u011fin korunmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Bu d\u00f6nemde CHP\u2019nin bar\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve adalet konular\u0131ndaki duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politika yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim CHP\u2019nin Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 ve 1 Mart Tezkeresi sorunlar\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pozisyon, Sosyalist Enternasyonal\u2019in politikalar\u0131yla uyumluluk g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck destek g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

                    <\/h3>\n

                    Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 ve 1 Mart Tezkeresi\u2026<\/h3>\n

                    AKP \u0130ktidar\u0131yla ba\u015flayan yeni d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcndemin en \u00f6nemli konusu Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Irak operasyonu haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, operasyonun T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in izin istenmi\u015ftir. Gerekli izin \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, say\u0131s\u0131 60 bini bulan yabanc\u0131 asker topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda konu\u015flanacak, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m\u0131zdan askeri operasyon yapacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

                    1 Mart tezkeresi diye bilinen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te izin iste\u011fini parlamentoya AKP getirmi\u015ftir. CHP ise \u201cT\u00fcrkiye sava\u015f\u0131n cephesi ve karargah\u0131 olamaz\u201d diyerek ilkeli bir duru\u015f sergilemi\u015f ve tezkerenin reddedilmesi i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim, CHP\u2019nin \u00e7abalar\u0131yla tezkere reddedilmi\u015ftir. Tezkerenin reddi T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Zira, kabul edilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye neler ya\u015fayacakt\u0131 bunu tahmin etmek zordur.<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    AB ile E\u015fit Ko\u015fullu, Cumhuriyet\u2019in Kurulu\u015f De\u011ferlerin Sayg\u0131l\u0131, Onurlu \u00dcyelik\u2026<\/h3>\n

                    Yine bu d\u00f6nemde Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne tam \u00fcyelik i\u00e7in takvim belirlenmesi konusu \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem maddelerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. AB taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ucu a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6neri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zel stat\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran maddeler konulmu\u015ftur. \u00dcstelik K\u0131br\u0131s \u00f6n \u015fart olamaz denirken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin liman ve havaalanlar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s Rum taraf\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7ak ve gemilerine a\u00e7ma \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. CHP iktidara bu \u015fartlarda bir m\u00fczakere s\u00fcrecini kabul etmemeyi \u00f6nermi\u015f ancak AKP \u015fartlar\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    Temiz Siyaset, D\u00fcr\u00fcst Y\u00f6netim\u2026<\/h3>\n

                    \u00d6te yandan yolsuzluklar konusunda s\u00fcrekli uyar\u0131lar yapan CHP, yanda\u015f zengin etme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda bedellere e\u015fe dosta devretme uygulamalar\u0131na, belediyelerde ya\u015fanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yolsuzluklara, rant amac\u0131yla al\u0131nan imar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kararlar\u0131na yak\u0131n bir takiple kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    Milletvekili dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yolsuzluklar\u0131n sistemli halde s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekerek bu konuda her f\u0131rsatta yeni bir d\u00fczenleme talebini s\u00fcrekli ayakta tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    \u00dcretimden ve \u00dcretenden Yana Ekonomik D\u00fczen\u2026<\/h3>\n

                    CHP, ekonomide i\u00e7eriyi zay\u0131flatan uygulamalara dikkat \u00e7ekip, cari a\u00e7\u0131k sorununun giderilmesi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ekonomi i\u015fleyi\u015fi olmas\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131lar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sanayile\u015fmeyi yeniden g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, \u00fcretken bir ekonomiyi \u00f6ncelikli hedef olarak almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktaki ihmallere, girdi maliyetlerinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fine, al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemlere vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    \u00dcniversite, Kamu Y\u00f6netimi, 2B Yasas\u0131\u2026<\/h3>\n

                    Bu d\u00f6nem iktidar partisi olarak AKP\u2019nin Y\u00d6K ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00fcniversitelerle \u00f6zel olarak u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur. Yeni Y\u00d6K yasas\u0131 ile \u00fcniversiteler d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmek istenirken, CHP kararl\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    Kamu y\u00f6netimi reformu ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin temel y\u00f6netim modelini sarsacak, federatif y\u00f6netimleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak de\u011fi\u015fiklikler aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na yine CHP \u00e7ok etkili bir muhalefetle toplumu uyararak engel olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                    2B diye bilinen d\u00fczenlemeyle Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip orman arazilerini tehdit edebilecek, talan edilmesine yol a\u00e7abilecek d\u00fczenleme yine CHP\u2019nin kararl\u0131 muhalefetiyle \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir. AKP orman vasf\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f arazileri o arazileri kullananlara, k\u00f6yl\u00fcye \u00fccretsiz devretme \u00f6nerisini kabul etmeyince CHP destek vermemi\u015f, Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Krizi ve 22 Temmuz 2007 Se\u00e7imleri<\/h3>\n

                    Bu d\u00f6nemin sonunda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP\u2019nin uzla\u015fmayla bir cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesi \u00f6nerisi kabul g\u00f6rmeyince T\u00fcrkiye se\u00e7imlere gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                    22 Temmuz 2007\u2019de yenilenen se\u00e7imlerde CHP y\u00fczde 20,9 oy alarak Ana-muhalefet partisi konumuyla parlamentoda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda program ve t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yenileyen CHP, laik Demokratik Cumhuriyetin, insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n savunucu olarak m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

                    Son Yerel Se\u00e7imler de, CHP\u2019nin eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli sosyal demokrat kitle partisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi bug\u00fcn de CHP, laik, demokratik ve modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sars\u0131lmaz destekleyicisi ve koruyucusu parti olma niteli\u011fini kararl\u0131l\u0131kla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Giri\u015f ve K\u0131sa \u00d6zet CHP, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923\u2019te \u00f6nce \u201cHalk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u201cCumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet\u00e7ilik\u201d, \u201cHalk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, \u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cLaiklik\u201d CHP\u2019nin d\u00f6rt temel ilkesi olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cDevlet\u00e7ilik\u201d ve \u201cDevrimcilik\u201d ilkeleri de eklenerek Partinin ilkeleri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chpantalya.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}